Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Overview

A collection of flashcards summarizing key concepts from lectures on substance-related and addictive disorders, along with other related psychological conditions.

What is the difference between substance use and substance use disorder?

Substance use is moderate use without impairment, while substance use disorder is a pattern of use leading to significant impairment and distress.

What percentage of Americans use caffeine?

85% of Americans use caffeine.

What are two symptoms necessary to diagnose a substance use disorder?

Taking more of the substance than intended and desire to cut down use.

What are depressants and name one type?

Depressants are substances that reduce nervous activity; alcohol is a common type.

What is fetal alcohol syndrome?

Problems in the fetus resulting from alcohol use during pregnancy, leading to intellectual disability and distinctive facial abnormalities.

What syndrome is linked to chronic alcohol use and vitamin B1 deficiency?

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

What are the effects of amphetamines?

Elated mood, increased energy, followed by fatigue and depression.

What does nicotine do in the body?

Stimulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, causing relaxation and pleasure.

What can excessive caffeine consumption lead to?

Tolerance and dependence, as well as effects like restlessness and insomnia.

What is the characteristic of binge eating disorder (BED)?

Recurrent episodes of binge eating without regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviors.

Define avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).

An eating disorder characterized by extreme pickiness in eating, leading to significant nutritional deficiencies.

What are the core features of schizophrenia?

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and negative symptoms.

What is the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia?

Approximately 0.2% to 1.5% of the population.

What psychological condition is often comorbid with borderline personality disorder?

Mood disorders and substance use disorders.

What is the key focus of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)?

Balancing emotional acceptance with the need for change.

What is the primary treatment for substance-related disorders?

A combination of medication and psychosocial therapies.

What distinguishes personality disorders from other mental disorders?

Enduring, inflexible predispositions that cause distress and impairment.

How are personality disorders classified in the DSM-5?

Using both categorical (kind) and dimensional (degree) models.

Eating disorders are often accompanied by which of the following?

Major depression

Alcohol use disorders have strong associations with which of the following?

. Co-occurring mental disorders like anxiety and depression.

Schizophrenia is characterized by which of the following symptoms?

. Delusions and hallucinations.

Personality disorders most often impact which of the following areas?

. One's overall functioning and interpersonal relationships.

A diagnosis of binge eating disorder requires which of the following?

. Recurrent episodes of consuming large quantities of food in a discrete period.

Which type of symptoms are most prevalent in alcohol use disorders?

. Withdrawal symptoms and cravings.

Individuals with schizophrenia may experience which of the following?

. A lack of insight regarding their condition.

Those with personality disorders often show maladaptive patterns in which area?

. Interpersonal relationships and self-image.

The primary treatment for eating disorders typically includes which of the following?

. A combination of psychotherapy and nutritional education.

What is the core feature of alcohol use disorder?

. A pattern of alcohol use leading to significant impairment or distress.

Schizophrenia is most commonly treated with which of the following?

. Antipsychotic medications.

Individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder often struggle with which symptom?

. Intense emotional instability.

What is a common misconception about eating disorders?

. They only affect young women.

In alcohol use disorders, what is a key factor for diagnosis?

. Repeated alcohol use in situations where it is physically hazardous.

Symptoms of schizophrenia must last for how long for a diagnosis?

. At least six months.

The impact of personality disorders is primarily felt in which domains of life?

. Work, school, and personal relationships.