Chapter 21

Clement L. Vallandigham

Ohio politician, leader of the anti-war "Copperheads," opposed Lincoln's policies.

George B. McClellan

Union general, cautious commander of the Army of the Potomac, later ran against Lincoln in 1864.

Andrew Johnson

Vice President under Lincoln's second term; became President after Lincoln's assassination.

William T. Sherman

Union general known for his "March to the Sea," using total war tactics.

John Wilkes Booth

Actor who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln in April 1865.

George B. Meade

Union general who defeated Robert E. Lee at Gettysburg.

Robert E. Lee

Confederate general, commander of the Army of Northern Virginia.

Salmon P. Chase

Lincoln's Treasury Secretary, helped finance the war and later became Chief Justice.

Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson

Confederate general, earned nickname at First Bull Run, key commander until his death in 1863.

Ulysses S. Grant

Union general, led the Army to victory, later became U.S. President.

Appomattox

Site of Lee's surrender to Grant in April 1865, effectively ending the Civil War.

Antietam

1862 battle in Maryland, bloodiest single day in U.S. history; led to Emancipation Proclamation.

1st Bull Run (Manassas)

First major battle of the Civil War (1861), Confederate victory.

Vicksburg

Union victory in 1863, gave control of the Mississippi River.

Gettysburg

Turning point battle in 1863, Union victory halted Lee's invasion of the North.

Emancipation Proclamation

1863 order by Lincoln freeing enslaved people in Confederate-held territory.

Union Party

Temporary coalition of Republicans and War Democrats supporting Lincoln in the 1864 election.

Merrimack (CSS Virginia)

Confederate ironclad warship that fought the Union's USS Monitor in 1862, revolutionizing naval warfare.