Class 8

breaks down stored fats and proteins

gluconeogenesis

In a keto diet, why do you lose so much weight in the first week

All the water from storing glycogen is lost

How long after hard workout does glycogen deplete and muscles get tired

75 mins

What is the hormone found in muscle

Epinephrine

What two hormones are in the liver

Glucagon and epinephrine

what is glycogen a polymer of

glucose

what are linked by alpha-1,4 bonds

glucosyl residues

what are branches linked by

alpha-1,6 linkages

what happens around every 8-15 glucosyl residue

a branch

what is the core of glycogen

a protein called glycogenin

what is regulated to maintain the blood-glucose concentration

glycogen synthesis and degradation

what is done at night time in the liver to maintain brain function

glucose is slowly and steadily made

when glycogen breaks down, it fuels _______ for muscle contraction

ATP

at which point does the reaction go to glycolysis in glycogen metabolism regulation

when glucose is released and we reach glucose-6-phosphate

what breaks down alpha-1,4 linkages

glycogen phosphorylase

where does glycogen phosphorylase degrade glycogen

non-reducing end

what do you get when you break down glycogen with glycogen phosphorylase

glucose-1-phosphate

where can glycogen phosphorylase not cleave

near branch points

why does transferase shift the oligosaccharide when remodeling glycogen

to make it accessible to phosphorylase

what cleaves a-1,6

a-1,6-glucosidase

what hydrolytic enzyme does the liver have that muscle doesn’t 

glucose-6-phosphatase

how does glucose-1-phosphate go to glucose-6-phosphate

phosphoglucomutase

glucose-6-phosphate yields free glucose that gets released where

into the blood

where does the reaction: (Glucose-6-phosphate + H2O → glucose + Pi) occur

in the liver

what is phosphorylase regulated by

allosteric interactions and reversible phosphorylation

glycogen degradation enzyme

glycogen phosphorylase

what is glycogen phosphorylase responsive to

epinephrine

glucagon

insulin

what does the liver maintain glucose for

whole body

what does muscle maintain glucose for

itself

epinephrine and glucagon signal the need for

glycogen breakdown

what does the use of muscles release

epinephrine

what is the liver more responsive to and why

glucagon, signifies a starved state

what happens when glucose is low or muscles need fuel

-liver puts glucose into blood

-muscle takes the glucose and either burns it quickly (lactate) or fully to CO2 and H2O

fatigue is coincided with the depletion of

glycogen reserves

the ______ you exercise, the _______ glycogen depletes

more, more