Meiosis Quiz because i hate biology

Asexual reproduction

production of identical offspring from one parent

Sexual reproduction

production of genetically distinct offspring from two parents, each contributing DNA

What type of cells are produced from meiosis?

Gametes

Cells about to undergo meiosis are ________ cells.

diploid

What is independent assortment?

When each pair of homologous chromosomes line up in one of two possible ways during metaphase 1.

All body cells except sperm and egg are_____?

Somatic cells

What does Somatic mean?

2 sets of chromosomes (diploid) and 46 chromosomes in humans

Sperm and Egg are _____?

Gametes

What does Gamete mean?

1 set of chromosomes (haploid) and 23 chromosomes in humans

Diploid

any cell with two sets of chromosomes

haploid

any cell with one set of chromosomes

how many times do cells divide during meiosis?

2

What is crossing over?

The process during meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, increasing genetic diversity.

What are the three cells produced with the ovum called?

Polar bodies

What happens to polar bodies?

Degenerate

What two events shuffle genetic information to ensure genetically diverse gametes?

Crossing over, independent assortment

What is nondisjunction

The failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division, leading to an abnormal number of chromosomes in daughter cells.

What is the result of nondisjunction

Aneuploidy

Aneuploidy definition

Gametes with either one too many or one too few chromosomes

Common aneuploidies?

down syndrome, Kleinfelter’s syndrome, Edward’s syndrome.

What happens often when nondisjunction occurs in people?

Most are lethal. They die, or a few grow with syndromes affecting their lives.