Islamic Science

Arabic Science

The different activities sponsored by Abbasid caliphs in various scientific fields such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and optics.

Sabaeans

A pagan community from Harran that contributed to Arabic science through translations and original works, strongly influenced by Pythagorean teachings.

Thābit ibn Qurrā’

A Sabaean mathematician who translated Archimedes’ work and contributed original writings.

Al-Khayyām

A Persian polymath known for contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and poetry, particularly the Treatise on Demonstration of Problems of Algebra.

Hindu-Arabic Numerals

The numeral system derived from the number systems of India and Arabia, essential for modern arithmetic.

Al-Mumtahan

A set of astronomical tables created during the reign of Caliph al-Ma'mun.

Zij-i ilkhani

The famous astronomical tables created by Nasir al-Din Tusi for calculating planetary positions.

Abū ‘Ali al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan Ibn al-Haytham

Known as Alhacen or Alhazen, he was a major contributor to optics and is known for the Book of Optics.

Kitab al-Manazir

The Book of Optics written by Ibn al-Haytham, where he studied light behavior.

Ibn Sina

Also known as Avicenna, a significant figure in medicine known for the Canon of Medicine, summarizing all known medical knowledge of his time.

Islamic medicine

Medicine developed during the Islamic Golden Age, influenced by Greek, Indian, and Nestorian knowledge.

Al-Adudi Hospital

A notable hospital built in Baghdad in the 10th century by the Buyid emir Adud al-Dawla.

Ibn al-Nafis

An Arabic physician credited with discovering the pulmonary circulation of blood.

Kitab al-Tasrif

A comprehensive medical work by Abulcasis, regarded as a key text in surgical practices.

Toledo

A city in Spain that became a center for translating Arabic philosophical, scientific, and intellectual works into Latin in the 12th century.