The Restoration and the Romantic Period

Charles I

defeated by Oliver Cromwell and his Roundhead army, surrendered the monarchy

Oliver Cromwell

defeated Charles I and, once the monarchy was abolished, became Lord Protector. Died 1658

Charles II

Parliament restored the monarchy two years after Cromwell's death, placing Charles I's son, Charles II on the throne in 1660. This begins the Restoration period.

2 disasters handled by Charles II

Great Plague of 1665, Great Fire of London 1666

Whig party

Consisting of wealthy merchants, businessmen, and a few nobles, the party wanted to limit the power of the monarchy.

Tory party

Supported royal authority, consisting mostly of landowning aristocracy and conservative Anglicans (members of the Church of England).

James II

Charles II's brother who succeeded Charles II to the throne, he attempted to make Roman Catholicism the state religion and, as a result, was forced to abdicate the throne by Parliament

Queen Mary II

daughter of James II, she ruled along with her husband, William

King William

Ruled as king following the death of his wife, Queen Mary II. During his reign, Parliament passes the Settlement Act, permanently barring Catholics from England's throne.

Queen Anne

Queen Mary II's sister ( so James II's daughter), she ruled following the death of her brother-in-law, King William. The last monarch of the Stuart dynasty. Scotland unites with England during her reign to form Great Britain.

House of Hanover

Because Queen Anne outlived all 16 of her children, the House of Stuart ends with her death, and the next in line for England's throne is a German cousin. George I becomes the first monarch in the House of Hanover. He was an unpopular ruler because he didn't speak English and was from a different country.

Robert Walpole

Britain's first prime minister, needed by George I because he didn't speak English.

George II

George I's son, succeeded him to the throne

William Pitt

Prime Minister to George II, led England to victory during the Seven Years War/ French and Indian War, the result being England's aquisition of Canada

George III

mentally unstable, he lost the American colonies

Sir Isaac Newton

scientific method--In the Age of Enlightenment, Newton proposes that the universe operates according to laws that are discoverable by human beings, reducing mystery and contributing to a loss of faith

John Locke

Rejected the divine right of kings to rule, he advocated for individual rights, especially to rebel against oppressive governments

Horatian satire

gentle, amused, witty satire; mildly corrective

Juvenalian Satire

harsh, biting satire, full of moral indignation and bitter contempt

Samuel Johnson

the greatest literary figure of the 18th century, he wrote A Dictionary of the English Language

salon

a social gathering of intellectuals and artists, like those held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris and other European cities during the Enlightenment--needed because women could not meet in public, in a club or a pub, like men could

bluestocking

early feminist; educated or literary woman--The term was given to this type of person because they often wore casual stockings made of blue worsted (a type of fabric) rather than fancier silk stockings when they gathered at salons.

Mary Wollstonecraft

English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women. She was Mary Shelley's mother; although, she died right after Mary was born. Mary Shelley is famous for writing the best Romantic novel of all time, Frankenstein. : )

In the "Rime of the Ancient Mariner," what crime did the speaker commit?

He killed an albatross.

What was restored in the Restoration Period?

The British monarchy, in the person of King Charles II, invited to re-take the throne by Parliament

What were the punishments for killing the albatross?

No wind, no rain, crew dies, Mariner wears the dead bird and is compelled to tell his story

How was the mariner's curse broken?

He blessed the sea creatures, recognizing their beauty.

What is ironic about "Ozymandias"?

A king thought his works would strike fear in the hearts of others, but nothing he accomplished has lasted, and his statue is broken. Nature is victorious over the man-made.

Where are the daffodils in "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud"?

by a lake

What doesn't the speaker realize about the daffodils in "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud"?

The memory of them would bring him happiness in the future.

a literary technique that serves as a companion piece to a story within a story

frame story

Fanny Burney

Ran from King George III in the garden because no one was allowed to speak with him

Most popular form of literature in the Restoration Period

journalism

In "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud," what about the daffodils make the speaker happy?

The way the daffodils seem to dance in the wind

What is the frame story for "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner"?

The mariner tells his story to a wedding guest.

Torments the ancient mariner for killing the bird he loved

The Spirit of the Land of Mist and Snow

Fanny Burney's occupation

Queen Charlotte's Keeper of the Robes

George III's promise to Fanny Burney

protection and friendship

Fanny Burney's opinion of George III

He was nearly himself, nearly recovered

Two cultural influences on the Romantic Period

French Revolution, Industrial Revolution

How did Britain acquire French Canada?

Britain gained the land as a result of winning the Seven Years War, known to Americans as the French and Indian War.

What are 2 romantic characteristics in the “Rime of the Ancient Mariner”? Where are they and what are they?

1. Use of the Supernatural = the Spirit of mist and snow of the South Pole

2. Trust in intuition = They knew about the Spirt following them underneath the boat because they saw it in their dreams