Augmented Reality
Virtual objects overlaid on a view of the real world
Virtual Reality
The real word is entirely replaced with a virtual environment
Optical See-through
The real-world view is seen directly through a lens or smart glass where virtual objects are rendered
Video See-through
The real world is seen indirectly through a video camera, virtual objects are rendered on the video screen
Image Tags
Calculates 3D distance and orientation based on skewed views of a known image
Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)
Electronic sensor that can measure 3D movements based on gravity and inertia
Robotics Disciplines
Robotics involves Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Computer Science
Robot
A robot is a system that can: A system that can: SENSE things about itself or its environment PLAN what to do based on its goals and sensors ACT on its goals and affects the environment in some way
Major Robot Subsystems
Power: Making sure all components have enough electrical power Perception: What a robot can sense and understand about itself and its environment Decision Making: The step between Perception and Manipulation (the majority of coding goes here!) Deciding what our goal is and how to achieve it Manipulation: How a robot can move within and interact with objects in the environment
Sensor
perception of the external world and the robot’s internal state Ex: Cameras, buttons, remotes, distance sensors, accelerometers, GPS
Controller
Controller: decision making component, reads sensor’s data and determines actuator’s responses Ex: microcontrollers, embedded computers
Actuator
Actuators: the manipulation of the robot and its surroundings Ex: movement, arms, tools, motors, servos, hydraulics
The Three D's
Robots are most commonly for situations or tasks that are: DULL: Repetitive, predictable, or simple tasks like assembly lines DIRTY: Sanitation, sewer repair. Used UV robot to sterilize masks for hospital workers! DANGEROUS: Outer space, underwater, de-mining battlefields, navigating resource minesA
Autonomy
The ability of a robot or machine to act without human control or intervention
Autonomy Levels
Level 0 - No Autonomy (Full human control, normal machinery) Level 1 - Robotic Assistance (Robot assistance, helps with safety limits) Level 2 - Task Autonomy (Small portions of functionality are automated) Level 3 - Conditional Autonomy (Decisions and movements are approved by supervisor) Level 4 - High Autonomy (Mostly automatic, supervisor for emergency interventions) Level 5 - Full Autonomy (Robot acts fully alone throughout entire task or program)