EAE 256 Earth Science Final Exam Study Materials

A(n) ______________ is an aerial photo that has been geometrically corrected through rectification and is planimetrically correct with all distortion from camera optics, tilt, and elevation removed.

digital orthophoto

Fiducial marks help locate this.

the principal point

GPS segment that provides satellite ephemeris, atmospheric corrections, clock corrections, atmospheric data, and almanac.

Control

A positioning method by which a stationary receiver is placed over a surveyed control point and linked to a mobile receiver that takes readings of features on the ground. Post-processing is used to determine the coordinates and elevations of those features.

Differential GPS

Mathematical/geometrical method by which a GPS receiver's position is determined.

Space Trilateration

In infra-red imagery, water that is not turbid will show up as _______?

black

System that extends and/or improves the accuracy of GPS fixes.

both a. and c. (WAAS and cell phone towers)

The minimum ideal number of satellites for an accurate position fix.

4

The most accurate GPS grade.

surveying

The part of the GPS error budget concerned with reflection of signals from buildings and cars.

multipath

The process by which several images derived from different sensors are combined to produce one single image of the same area is known as a(n) ___________________.

composite

Type of photography/imaging that is useful for detecting the health of vegetation and camouflage.

color-infrared

What percentage of an aerial image is covered by forward lap?

60-80

Fiducial marks are used to locate this.

The principal point

Which category of wavelengths is not visible to the human eye?

infra-red

Which of the following map scales corresponds to the highest altitude?

1:20000

Which of the following satellite systems are geo-stationary? (two answers)

GOES and Satellite TV (Communications)

A common feature found in aerial photographs or imagery taken at lower altitudes is _____________?

vertical or relief displacement

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum used in photography/imaging that is useful for detecting the health of vegetation and camouflage.

color infra-red

In infra-red imagery (thermal), built-up areas will appear _______?

white-grey

A map that portrays the distribution of life expectancy by census tracts would be an example of a ______________.

thematic map

The _______ model is used to measure elevations from the local or global mean sea level (MSL) from anywhere on a continent.

geoid

Derived from the authalic sphere, 1 degree of latitude equals _______________ miles.

both a and c (about 60 nautical and about 69 statute)

The map scale that covers the largest area or extent.

1:5,000,000

This scale would be the most appropriate for a classroom globe.

1:31,600,000

At sea, you determine that it is noon, locally. Your marine chronometer (for Greenwich, England) reads 3:30 am (0330). Which of the following is correct with regard to your location? You are at ____________.

127.5° E longitude

Given the scale, which map will probably have the most detail?

"one inch equals one mile"

Which RF scale comes closest to "1 inch equals four (4) miles"?

1:250,000

Map projection designed to emphasize the "Global South" over the high income countries of the northern hemisphere.

Gall-Peters

Arcs of a Great Circle are depicted as straight lines between two points on this projection.

Polar Gnomonic

A non-continuous, yet philosophical map that depicts how all continents and land masses are connected or nearly connected.

Fuller's Dymaxion Map

Each zone in the UTM Coordinate System is ____ wide.

6°

For the UTM coordinate system in the southern hemisphere, the equator would be located at ____________.

10,000,000mN

The Central Meridian of each UTM coordinate system zone is arbitrarily set to: ___________.

500,000mE

How many acres are in a square mile?

640

If you had a parcel description of NE¼, NW¼, SE¼, Sec.24, T2N, R7E, 6th P.M., then your parcel of land would be how many acres?

10 acres

Land records that contain information about use, resources, ownership (titles and deeds), valuation and taxes, and other descriptions of a land parcel and integrated by a Land Information System (which is similar to a GIS).

cadastre

Feature types (geometric objects) and graphical elements can be combined to produce _______________.

visual variables

For representing different rail lines over time, which visual variable would best differentiate the different companies that own them?

color (hue)

Use of the same basemap for making comparisons of symbols (visual variables) representing change over time (incremental changes over time).

small multiples

An example of an additive color typically used in a GIS.

green

Classification method of population that works best for choropleth maps due to the usually skewed distribution of population.

geometrical

Method classifying a distribution of interval/ratio data using the same number of observations (e.g., counties) for each category.

quantile

Technique for rezoning interval/ratio data from a county to a congressional district.

dasymetric

A digital sample of elevations and depths on variously sized grids.

DEM

Colors or hues used to represent classes of elevations and depths.

hypsometric tints

To avoid the problem of "relief reversal", the light source shining on a relief model or map is from this direction.

northwest

A 12 point font is equivalent to how many inches, approximately?

1/6 of an inch

A map projection that preserves area.

Equivalent

This color system is used for printing: CYMK

True

Match the definitions to the correct term.

Slanted typeface used for emphasis or to indicate a hydrographic feature= italics

Spacing between lines of a text= leading

Small strokes protruding from the edge of a letter form= serifs

Spacing between characters= tracking

An arc of a great circle is

the shortest distance between two points on the globe.