World War One - (World History)

Created from 05/09/25 - (date)

The Cousins War involved

Wilhelm II, George V, and Nicholas II

The acronym for the underlying causes of World War One is __.

MANIA

MANIA stands for

Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, Anarchy.

Militarism is the - of war and the military, the - of new weapons, and the - of large reserve armies.

glorification, development, establishment.

Mobilization is the organization of __ for combat.

Mobilization generally triggers other nations to do the _.

resources, same

During the early (vague timeframe) Kaiser Wilhelm II expanded the German -.

1900s, navy

During the early 1900s - expanded the German navy.

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Wanted Germany to be equal to Great Britain in terms of - -.

naval strength.

The Triple Alliance consisted of

Germany, Italy, and Austria-Hungary,

The Triple Entente consisted of

France, Great Britain, and Russia

French Nationalism:

- nationalists sought revenge against Germany after the loss of - in the franco-prussian war of (year).

French, Alsace-Lorraine, 1870.

French Nationalism:

French nationalists sought revenge against - after the loss of Alsace-Lorraine in the (title) war of 1870.

Germany, franco-prussian.

Slavic Nationalism:

A large-scale movement to unify all (type) people under one empire.

(group of people) wanted to lead Slavic unification; supported by (country).

Slavic, Serbs, Russia.

German nationalism:

Germany wanted to prove it’s - in comparison to the other great powers of Europe.

strength

Imperialism is the

domination of one nation by another.

(country) and (country) came close to fighting a war over the control of Morocco.

Germany, France.

Germany and France came close to fighting a war over the control of (country).

Morocco.

Germany wanted to create a - to - railway.

Berlin, Baghdad

- caused resentment in Britain.

Imperialism

Feared interference with (country) & reduced traffic through the -.

India, Suez Canal.

At this time the nations of Europe began to - - without consulting their -.

pursue policies, neighbors.

Problem?

If a crisis arose, there was…

no international organization to monitor it.

Immediate causes:

Archduke Franz Ferdinand of (country) was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the - nationalist group - -.

Austria-Hungary, Serbian, Black Hand

Immediate causes:

(who) of Austria-Hungary was assassinated by (who), a member of the Serbian nationalist group Black Hand.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Gavrilo Princip.

Ferdinand planned to give the - of Bosnia-Herzegovina an - in the Austro-Hungarian government.

This threatened the movement for a - - -.

Slavs, equal voice, separate slavic state.

Austria-Hungary held - - - responsible for the assassination of Ferdinand.

the Serbian government

Austria-Hungary sought back-up from - in the event of war.

Germany

Germany issued a __ to Austria-Hungary.

Blank Check:

William II agreed to support any actions that (country) might take against (country).

blank check, Austria-Hungary, Serbia.

(country) issued a blank check to (country).

Blank Check:

(who) agreed to support any actions that Austria-Hungary might take against Serbia.

Germany, Austria-Hungary, William II.

The Ultimatum: (country) demanded entrance into (country).

Why? (2 reasons)

Austria-Hungary, Serbia, Suppress subversive organizations, conduct an investigation.

Austria-Hungary gave Serbia (time) to agree to the ultimatum. Serbia - to agree.

48 hours, refused.

(country) gave (country) 48 hours to agree to the ultimatum. (country) refused to agree.

Austria-Hungary, Serbia, Serbia.

On July 28, 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on (country).

Serbia

Russia was an ally of what country?

Serbia

Russia, an ally of Serbia, mobilized troops along the borders of - and -.

Germany, Austria-Hungary

Germany warned Russia to -.

Russia -.

stop, refused.

Germany issued an ultimatum to -.

Gave France (time) to decide whether or not it would support (country).

France gave an - answer!

France, 18 hours, Russia, inconclusive.

On August 1, 1914, Germany declared war on __.

Russia

On August 3, 1914, Germany declared war on __.

France

Great Britain hoped to remain -.

Did not want to become involved in a -.

However…

neutral, war.

Germany demanded passage across __ in order to fight France.

Part of Germany’s - plan.

Belgium, Schlieffen.

In - Britain, Russia, France, and Germany signed a treaty that had guaranteed Belgium’s -. Due to the fact that Belgium was a neutral nation, (country) protested Germany’s demand.

1839, neutrality. Great Britain,

Despite Belgium’s neutrality, Germany invaded on (date)

(country) demanded that Germany immediately withdraw from Belgium.

August 14, 1914, Great Britain.

Germany responded by referring to the - as nothing more than a scrap of paper.

As a result, Great Britain declared war on _.

treaty, Germany

Subvert

undermine the power and authority of (an established system or institution).

(Early) Machine Guns:

very -, very -; required a -.

lacked - mechanisms.

Shot (numeric range) smaller caliber rounds per (time interval measure).

big, heavy, crew, cooling, 400-600, minute.

Tanks:

Landships; (type) vehicles that could cross (type of) terrain.

First tank, “Little Willie.” ((#) tons, space for (#) men)

Maximum speed (# unit)

Developed to deal with conditions in the (cardinal direction).

armored, rough, 14, 3, 2mph, west.

Aircraft:

Armed with (item) and (item)

Uses: 1, 2, and “3”.

- planes at the start of the war.

The war (did what to) plane production.

machine guns, bombs, Attack, observation, dogfights, Few, increased.

Submarines:

Could easily attack - - without being -.

Most carried -.

-(they were typically what country)

enemy ships, seen, torpedoes, German

Poison Gas:

The “(what war)”

Major military -

Ranged from - - to l- -

(how many tons) were produced during the war; resulted in (what %) of combat deaths.

chemists war, innovation, disabling chemicals, lethal gases, 124,000 tons, 4%.

Flame thrower:

Developed by the (who) in (year)

Based on the idea of “- - ”

Different sizes for different -.

Germans, 1901, Greek Fire, circumstances

Grenades:

Developed by the (who) in (year).

Detonated in two different ways: 1, or 2.

British, 1908, impact, timed-fuse.

Bayonet:

- designed to fit on the - of a - .

(type of) weapon; (type of) combat.

Knife, muzzle, rifle, Psychological, close.

Zepplin:

Developed by the (who) in (year).

(what was it?)

(who was aboard)

Germans, 1899, rigid airship, bombers & scouts

Early American Policy:

When World War 1 began, the U.S. remained -.

Believed that World War 1 was a “ - -.”

Supplied (4 items) to belligerent nations.

Insisted on (2 things)

neutral, European affair, food, raw materials, weapons, and money, free trade and travel.

The Lusitania: May 1915:

Germany sunk a (country’s) Ship.

Had been carrying (item) & (# people)

The (country) warned Germany to back-off

(country) temporarily ended unrestricted sub warfare.

British, supplies, 128 Americans, U.S., Germany.

British Propaganda:

In the United States most news about the war came from (country).

Exaggerated - atrocities against British Citizens.

Affected U.S. public -.

Great Britain, German, opinion.

Zimmerman telegram: March 1917:

Message from - to Mexico.

Promised Mexico the return of (3 states) in exchange for attacking U.S.

The U.S. - the telegram

Mad!!

German foreign minister, New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona, Intercepted.

German Submarine Warfare:

Germany resumed - submarine warfare.

Germany sank (#) U.S. merchant ships during the winter of (year).

unrestricted, 4, 1917.

(date): Wilson asked congress for a declaration of war.

April 2nd, 1917

(date) Congress voted to enter the war on the side of Allies.

April 6th, 1917

Meanwhile… In Russia…

Russia before World War 1:

- empire

Great -

- industry

Autocratic, poverty, Limited

Russia during World War 1:

Cut off from all - and -.

However, (country) greatly aided the war effort by diverting (country) troops from attacking (country) and (country).

supplies, allies, Russia, German, France, Great Britain.

Russia’s problems:

Morale was very -.

Over - of soldiers had no gun; had to retrieve guns from dead soldiers.

Inadequate -

- shortages in the cities.

low, ¾, transportation, food .

The Problems of the Czar:

Czar Nicholas II:

(status)

Relied on mystic healer (name).

Chose NOT to reform the -.

Unpopular, Rasputin, government.

First Russian Revolution: March 1917:

(who) was overthrown

Leaders of the revolution promised to establish a (type of) government.

Now all - powers had - forms of government.

Nicholas II, constitutional, allied, democratic

The Provisional Government:

Temporary - Government:

(type of) assembly

Kerensky:

(Position) of the provisional government

Continued to support the - effort

Rival Group = - (- group)

Russian, Constitutional, Prime minister, war, Soviets, socialist.

The soviets called for 1, 2, & 3.

Provisional government lost its -.

immediate peace, transfer of land to the peasants, control of factories by workers, support.

Opens the Door for Revolutions: Socialism Enters

- groups tried to fill the role of the government

(name of group) = - Group that wanted to introduce a - society by force.

Revolutionary, Bolsheviks, radical, socialist.

Lenin & the Bolsheviks.

Lenin:

Leader of the (what group) (-)

Germany aided - in order to get (country) out of the war.

Bolsheviks, communists, Lenin, Russia.

Second Russian Revolution:

(year)

Bolsheviks staged a - -.

Established a (type of) state

Ended - property

Distributed - among peasants.

1917, coup d’etat, communist, private, land.

Russia Withdraws from War:

-(month and year):

Russia withdrew from (what war)

Treaty of - -.

Russia lost much of its (cardinal direction) territory; ##% of its population.

(5 countries).

March 1918, WW1, Brest-Litovsk, western, 33, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine.

Benefit for Germany?

After (country) withdrew from the war, (country) only had to deal with a single-front war.

(country) hoped to launch a final offensive in order to force peace before the (country) became too involved.

Spring 1918:

Last (country’s) offensive.

Russia, Germany, Germany, United States, German.