U4: voc. Different steps in a trial (definition)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key courtroom procedures.

Arraignment and plea

The charge is read to the defendant, and penalties are explained. The defendant enters a plea. If the defendant enters a not guilty plea, a trial date will be set.

Direct Examination

Attorneys for the plaintiff or the government call witnesses to the stand and ask them questions. Witnesses may testify to matters of fact, and, in some instances, provide opinions. They may be called to identify documents, pictures or other items introduced into evidence.

Cross-examination

When the attorney for the plaintiff or the government has finished questioning a witness, the attorney for the defendant may then ask the witness questions. Leading questions may be asked, since the purpose of this questioning is to test the credibility of statements that were made previously.

Closing Statements

The attorneys discuss the evidence and properly drawn inferences. They cannot discuss issues outside the case or evidence that was not presented during the case. The attorney sums up and comments on the evidence in the most favorable light for his or her side.

Opening Statements

The attorneys tell the jurors something about the case that they will be hearing. This part must be confined to the facts that will be proved by evidence.

Verdict and sentencing

After reaching a decision, the jury notifies the bailiff, who notifies the judge. All the participants reconvene in the courtroom, and the decision is announced. If a defendant is convicted, the judge will determine which sentence will be imposed.