cell anatomy

Nucleus

________: Surrounded by the nuclear envelope, this is the location of the DNA in the cell.Remember that DNA contains the recipes for making every protein of the cell.

Golgi Complex

________ (or Body): Modifies proteins and lipids by adding sugar groups and also packages them for export from the cell.

Centrioles

________: Produce spindles in animals cells and used in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis (cell division) .Produces cilia and flagella used for cellular movement.Found near the nucleus.

Organelles

________: are cell structures that have their own membrane surrounding them.

Flagella

________: Longer whip- like structure also for movement.

Nucleolus

________: A specific region inside the nucleus where the instructions (DNA) for making ribosomes are found.Since the cell makes lots of ribosomes, this area is very busy and stands out from the rest of the nucleus.

Chromosomes

________ (Chromatin): The cell's DNA and the proteins that organize the DNA to prevent it from becoming tangled.

Cytoskeleton

________: The support beams for the cell that give it shape.Also act as a railroad network for moving packages throughout the cell.

Mitochondria

________: Produces energy during cellular respiration (burning sugar)

Cilia

________: Tiny hair- like structures for movement.They move like oars on a boat.

Chloroplasts

________: Uses sunlight energy to build sugar during photosynthesis.

Ribosomes

________: Site for protein synthesis (making of proteins) .The ________ is an elaborate enzyme that builds proteins from individual amino acids.

Plasma Membrane

________: Surrounds the cell as a barrier, keeping the contents of the cell inside the cell.Regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the cell (Do not call this the cell membrane as it is too easily confused with the cell wall .)

Vesicles

________: Storage sacs of cells.Can contain digestive enzymes, proteins for export, or anything else the cell wishes to store in small quantities.Vesicles can move about the cell by "walking "along the cytoskeleton.

Vacuole

________: Larger storage sacs for food, water, and wastes.Plants have a large central vacuole for storing water and providing support to the cell.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

________ (Rough ER): A long, flat tube with ribosomes attached to the membrane.It starts at the nuclear envelope then extends into the cytoplasm.Functions in protein synthesis and processing.Also synthesizes phospholipids that become the cell membrane and membrane of other organelles.

Organelles

are cell structures that have their own membrane surrounding them

Cells

are the structural and functional unit of all living things

Plasma Membrane

Surrounds the cell as a barrier, keeping the contents of the cell inside the cell.Regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the cell(Do not call this the cell membrane as it is too easily confused with the cell wall.)

Cell Wall

Rigid outer covering of some cells that keeps the cell from over-inflating with water and bursting

Ribosomes

Site for protein synthesis (making of proteins).The ribosome is an elaborate enzyme that builds proteins from individual amino acids

Nucleolus

A specific region inside the nucleus where the instructions (DNA) for making ribosomes are found.Since the cell makes lots of ribosomes, this area is very busy and stands out from the rest of the nucleus

Mitochondria

Produces energy during cellular respiration (burning sugar)

Chloroplasts

Uses sunlight energy to build sugar during photosynthesis

Vesicles

Storage sacs of cells.Can contain digestive enzymes, proteins for export, or anything else the cell wishes to store in small quantities.Vesicles can move about the cell by "walking" along the cytoskeleton

Vacuole

Larger storage sacs for food, water, and wastes.Plants have a large central vacuole for storing water and providing support to the cell

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

A long, flat tube with ribosomes attached to the membrane.It starts at the nuclear envelope then extends into the cytoplasm.Functions in protein synthesis and processing.Also synthesizes phospholipids that become the cell membrane and membrane of other organelles

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

This part of the ER does not have ribosomes attached.Synthesizes phospholipids, steroids, and fats

Golgi Complex (or Body)

Modifies proteins and lipids by adding sugar groups and also packages them for export from the cell

Centrioles

Produce spindles in animals cells and used in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis (cell division).Produces cilia and flagella used for cellular movement.Found near the nucleus

what structure is found in animals cells only and not plant cells

centriole

what two organelles are only found in plants

the cell wall and chloroplast are only found in plant cells

Prokaryotic cells

have no membranes other than the plasma membrane.This means that they lack all organelles, including the nucleus

Prokaryotic cells still contain DNA and still do jobs such as respiration or photosynthesis, but

they do not do them in as organized a fashion

Bacteria have what kind of cell

prokaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells

have organelles, including the nucleus

Eukaryotic means

"true nucleus."

Animals, plants, fungi, and protists all have what kind of cell

all have eukaryotic cells