BTNY 110 Exam 3

not mine just copied over here

bacteria

Genes encoding Bt toxins have been isolated from \_______, modified, and transferred into various crop plants to protect the crop from insect pests.

cell wall

DNA can be physically injected into plant cells that lack (a) \______.

Glycogen

Amino acids produced by the shikimate pathway are required to make all of the following EXCEPT:

True

Expression of viral proteins in transgenic plants can make plants resistant to that virus.

starch/sugars

Gibberellin stimulates the production of α-amylase in germinating seeds. This enzyme converts \______ into \______.

grow taller

Plants that are treated with gibberellin will \______.

Gibberellins

The Green Revolution led to significant increases in crop yields due in large part to the development of dwarf varieties of wheat and rice that were insensitive to which plant hormone?

true

Auxin produced by developing seeds stimulates fruit growth.

stem enlongation

Which of the following is NOT controlled by abscisic acid?

close stomata

Plants that lack abscisic acid are unable to

cytokinin

Which plant hormone inhibits or delays leaf senescence?

false

Synthetic gibberellins are used to stimulate root growth on cuttings.

phototropism

The phenomenon where plants grow or turn towards a light source is known as \__________.

auxin

Which plant hormone regulates gravitropism?

temperature

Which of these factors is not a biotic environmental factor?

false

Plants that are touched regularly are taller and flower earlier than untouched plants.

shoot tip

What part of the oat seedling senses light for phototropic bending of shoots?

short

Long day plants flower only when the period of darkness is \_________.

auxin

Which hormone is responsible for the thigmotropic response when tendrils curl around a stake?

chemical

Striga seeds germinate only when they sense a(n) \______ signal produced by sorghum roots.

birds with different beak sizes in the Galapagos

Which of the following is NOT an example of artificial selection

true

Weed resistance to herbicides often results from a mutation that prevents the herbicide from binding to its target protein in the weed.

false

The frequency of alleles in a population does not change under selection pressure.

a scientifically acceptable general principle that explains phenomena

Which definition applies to the word "theory" in the context of Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection?

sexually reproducing population

Which population of organisms is more likely to survive a drastic change in environment

true

The male part of a flower consists of the anther and the filament

egg and sperm

Which of the following are gametes?

gametes

In plants the process of fertilization involves the fusion of

Antheridia/Archegonium

Fern gametophytes produce sperm in the \_________ that travel through water to reach eggs produced in the \_________.

true

Spores are NOT the same as gametes.

true

Many Bryophytes can reproduce asexually.

true

In Bryophytes, a thin layer of water is required for sperm to swim to the egg cell during fertilization.

true

We can now use genes from bacteria, other plant species, and animals to improve crop plants.

the process of moving genes into plants

Which of the following is the definition of Transformation?

plant hormones can be produced in any cell

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of hormones in plants?

stimulates/inhibits

Gibberellin \______ germination of lettuce seeds in the dark whereas abscisic acid \______ lettuce seed germination in the light.

ethylene

Which of these hormones regulates senescence of flower petals?

false

Gibberellin inhibits seed germination.

true

Plant hormones may act on the cell or tissue in which they are produced or act at a distance.

root growth

For propagation, auxin is used to stimulate \_______ of plant cuttings

ethylene

Which plant hormone would you use to ripen green tomato fruit?

gibberellin

Which hormone is used to elongate some fruits?

chlorophyll

n the dark, the COP1 protein represses the synthesis of \______ and blocks normal light development.

increase stem length

Which of the following is a typical response observed when plants are grown in the shade

to the side of the stem away from the light

When seedlings are exposed to light from one side, auxin is concentrated

false

Far-red light makes phytochrome active and triggers germination of lettuce seeds

auxin

Which plant hormone is responsible for differential cell elongation in phototropism?

The organ of species

What was the title of the book in which Darwin his theory of evolution?

the collection of alleles in a population

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of the term "gene pool"?

tall/short

Darwin observed that on islands with tortoises, the cacti were \______, and on islands without tortoises, the cacti were \______.

false

The theory of evolution by natural selection is an unproved assumption.

Sporophyte and diploid

State whether the part of the plant indicated is a gametophyte or a sporophyte, and whether it is haploid or diploid.

Pointing to the flower on the left of the image:

an embryo

The seed consists of \______ surrounded by nutritive tissue.

true

Most flowers are hermaphrodites.

spore

In this diagram of the life cycle of a fern, identify the stage indicated by the arrow:

pointing to the 4 balls near the top of the image:

mitosis

Asexual reproduction involves:

lycophytes and pteridophytes have seeds

Which of the following statements about Lycophytes and Pteridophytes is NOT true?

true

One of the most important steps in plant evolution was the development of vascular tissues to transport water and nutrients throughout the plant.

EPSP synthase

Glyphosate acts by inhibiting \_________.

95%

In 2012, approximately \____ % of US soybean acreage was planted with Roundup Ready soybeans.

Seeds are cheaper

Which of the following is NOT a benefit that farmers obtain from growing Bt cotton?

Abscisic acid

Which of these hormones promotes seed dormancy?

false

Many dwarf varieties of plants either do not produce abscisic acid or do not respond to abscisic acid.

true

Hormones bind to specific hormone receptors, which leads to changes in gene expression in the plant.

promotes

Phytochrome is a photoreceptor that \______ seed germination when active.

true

Plants are able to sense both the quantity and quality of light in an environment.

represses

in roots, a high concentration of auxin on one side of the root \__________ elongation of root cells during gravitropism.

higher

In the shade, there is a \______ ratio of far-red light to red light compared to full sunlight.

positive/ negative

Roots exhibit \_________ gravitropism and shoots exhibit \__________ gravitropism.

e- the theory of use and disuse

Which of the following is NOT considered evidence for evolution by natural selection?

efficient for colonizing a new area

One advantage of asexual reproduction is:

embryo sac/ endosperm

During double fertilization, one sperm cell fuses with the egg to form a zygote. The second sperm cell fuses with the central cell of the \________ to form the \________.

true

After fertilization, the ovule develops into the seed, and the ovary develops into the fruit.

true

The growth of new plants as off-shoots from modified stems is a form of asexual reproduction.

sporophytes

Which of the following generations is diploid?

true

Among existing land plants, the sporophyte generation is completely dependent on the gametophyte only in Bryophytes.

organisms that are produced by transformation

Which of the following is the definition of Genetically Modified Organism

DNA

Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfers \______ into plant cells during the process that causes crown gall disease.

true

Ethylene regulates the abscission of fruits.

ripening of many fruits

Ethylene plays a critical role in which of the following processes?

plant hormones can be produced in any cell

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of hormones in plants?

a high concentration of the hormone auxin

Growth of axillary buds on a stem is inhibited by

true

If the shoot apex is removed from an oat seedling, phototropism no longer occurs.

photoperiod

In many species flowering is controlled by \_________, which refers to the length of the day vs night.

true

Plants that lack GA do not respond to touch.

cryptochrome

What is the name of the blue light photoreceptor that regulates photomorphogenesis in seedlings?

true

Some plant species require periods of cold temperatures in order to flower.

inheritance of acquired traits

Lamarck's theory of how organisms changed and adapted was based on the principle of

competition for resources

For evolution by natural selection to occur, why does a population of organisms have to produce more offspring than will survive to reproduce?

A scientifically acceptable general principle that explains phenomena

Which definition applies to the word "theory" in the context of Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection?

a zygote and the seed coat

Double fertilization in angiosperms produces:

clones/ variety

Asexual reproduction generates \__________ while sexual reproduction generates \_________.

asexual plant species can produce seeds through apomis

Which of the following statements about reproduction in plants is FALSE?

egg/sperm

The archegonia produces the \______ while the antheridia produces the \______.

bryophytes

Which group of plants do mosses and liverworts belong to?

roundup was developed Monsanto

Which of the following statements about Roundup herbicide is FALSE

vitamin A

Golden Rice has been genetically modified to produce beta-carotene that humans can convert into

ABA

Maize kernels that germinate on the ear are known as "viviparous". Which plant hormone are these seeds lacking?

be dwarf

Plants that are unable to respond to the hormone gibberellin will \______.

ethylene is responsible for maintaining apical dominance

Which of the following statements about the plant hormone ethylene is FALSE?