human physiology - chapter 17 lecture

renal

pertaining to the kidneys

kidneys

- formation of urine

- water & electrolyte balance

- secretion of toxins & drugs into the urine

- gluconeogenesis

gluconeogenesis

synthesis of glucose from AAs during prolonged fasting [also occurs in liver]

ureters

transfer of urine to bladder

urinary bladder

storage & micturition via the urethra

urethra

flow of urine from bladder to urine [micturition]

renal system functions

1. regulates blood volume

2. eliminated organic waste products of metabolism

- urea, uric acid, creatine, products of hemoglobin breakdown

3. regulate balance of electrolutes

4. with respiratory system, maintains acid-base balance/pH of plasma

renal cortex

outer layer; site of glomerular filtration + convoluted tubules

renal medulla

inner layer; location of the longer loops of Henle & the drainable of the collecting ducts into the renal pelvis & ureters

internal urethral sphincter

smooth muscle; base of bladder

external urethral sphincter

skeletal muscle; surrounds urethral its contraction can prevent urination

renal artery

blood enters the kidneys

renal vein

blood exits the kidneys

nephron

functional unit of the kidneys, consisting of a renal corpuscle [glomerular capsule + glomerulus & tubule]

glomerulus

capillary network in renal corpuscle

filtration

movement of fluid & solutes from the glomerulus into the capsule & then into the tubules

reabsorption

movement of materials from the tubules into the peritubular capillaries [back into general circulation]