Audio Fundamentals Collier, RIM 3010 Test 1, What is Sound?, Hearing and the Ear, Psychoacoustics, Transducers, Transducers, Psychoacoustics, Hearing and the Ear, What is Sound?, RIM 3010 Test 1

the producer

In the recording industry, this person's job is to oversee the entire recording project which often includes, managing the recording budget, organizing the recording session, hiring the musicians and other studio personnel, plus working directly with the artist to realize the creative vision and insure commercial viability.

56.5 feet

What is the wavelength of a 20 Hz sound wave at room temperature?

shorter

The higher the frequency the_____ the wave length?

1,130 fps

The velocity of sound at room temperature is usually stated as?

degrees

The phase relationship between two waves is measured in?

1,760 Hz

440 Hz is the fundamental frequency of concert "A". A note 2 octaves above concert "A" will have a fundamental frequency of?

Hertz are also known as?

amplitude

The 4th harmonic of 300 Hz is?

1,200 Hz

Comb Filter Effect

If I am speaking into two microphones, placed at different distances from my mouth, what should the engineer be conscious of when mixing the signals from the two microphones together?

20 Hz to 20 k Hz

The range of frequencies in human hearing is usually stated as?

only the first

Sine waves have which harmonics?

3 dB

A ratio of 2 watts to 1 watt would be?

power

dBm is a measurement of?

volts

dBu is a measurement of?

the threshold of hearing

0 dB SPL is equal to?

6 dB SPL

Each time you double the distance from the sound source the dB SPL will go down?

Tinnitus

a ringing or whistling in the ear

cochlea

is fluid-filled & contains hair-like cells

Ear Drum

A tympanic membrane, or a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear is known as the

CDs use how may bits per sample

16bits

frequencies above one half of the sampling frequency

The anit-alaising filter at the input of a PCM digital system removes

at least twice the frequency of the highest harmonic of the source signal to be digitized

Nyquist Law states that the minimum sample rate must be at least?

pulse code modulation

In digital audio recording PCM stands for

the dynamic range

Increasing the bit depth in a PCM digital system increases the

the highest audio frequency that can be processed

A low (slow) sampling frequency will most impact the?

Data compression is used to

reduce the amount of data or file size

dither

Noise added to the audio before conversion to digital in order to reduce distortion at low amplitudes is called:

latency

Time delay caused by DSP

jitter

Timing errors in sampling clock frequency

The number of bits per second (bits/s) or bit rate can be found by

multiplying the bit depth by the sampling frequency per single channel of audio

WAV

Which of the following audio file formats is NOT a lossy codec?

FLAC

Which of the following is a lossless audio codec meaning it reduces the file size of the audio file yet maintains all of the original components of the original file?

Music Instrument Digital Interace (midi)

Which of the following is NOT a professional audio recording sound file format used in DAW music production?

DSP

digital signal processing

mp3

Perhaps the most common lossy compression system in use today?

Saying that a plugin is "native" means?

it runs in the DAW computer

In digital audio a "plug in" is?

a software processor add on

a DAW control surface or DAW controller

The hardware device that gives the user access to hands-on controls for the on-screen mixer in the digital audio editor and workstation environment is known as

MIDI

Musical instrument Digital Interface

How many channels are available on each MIDI port?

16 channels

The codes that MIDI uses are described in

the MIDI 1.0 Specification.

A MIDI protocol that provides for different devices to produce the same sound when provided the same MIDI data is called?

General MIDI

On a MIDI port the "thru" connection provides?

A pass thru for MIDI data from the input

MIDI sequencing records MIDI data. MIDI data is

your performance gestures

An example of a MIDI controller is

a guitar with a MIDI connector.

The result of a sequencer recording is called

a .mid file.

A soft synth is

a software emulation of a synthesizer.

records individual notes from musical instruments and plays them when activated by MIDI.

A sampler

Not to be confused with a digital piano, a stand-alone keyboard workstation includes

a sample player and sequencer

A drum machine is an example of

a sample player

In MIDI editing, changing the pitch of a single note, group of notes, or changing the key of an entire song is called

transposing or transposition

In MIDI editing, ________________ allows timing inaccuracies to be adjusted to the nearest desired musical time division (such as a quarter, eighth, or sixteenth note).

quantization

In groove-based music production, a loop is

a repeated pattern of notes.

An REX loop file uses this process to match tempo changes in a musical composition.

elastic-audio

Connect MIDI THRU to

MIDI IN

microphone, line, & speaker

Audio in the analog electronic domain has 3 basic levels these are?

the audio levels at different points in the signal flow

Gain structure is?

Signal flow

the path the audio takes through the audio chain

The function of a pan pot could be to?

vary the relative gain being fed to both sides of a set of speakers.

a common signal path.

An audio bus is a?

A pot is?

a potentiometer.

The fold back system

routes signal to headphone monitors.

solo system

AFL and PFL are associated with the console?

Given a console that is marketed as being a 48 x 8 x 2 console, how many busses or groups does the console have?

8 busses

monitor section

This is the section of the console where you can, choose the source to listen to, determine how loud the the speakers will be and select which speakers to listen to?

When creating a headphone mix, you want your auxiliary sends to be set as _____ so that they are independent of the console fader.

pre-fader

insert

You would use this connection point on the console to add an external compressor to the signal chain.

The most common professional microphone connector is called a?

XLR plug

To connect an electric guitar directly into a console preamplifier you need a?

DI Box

This type of cable wiring is used in professional audio systems because it helps reject noise.

Balanced

Most budget mixers as well as home stereos have this kind of EQ for the Treble and Bass?

shelving

Which of the following describes the slope of a filter?

dB per octave

Filters are usually identified by?

cut off frequency

All analgo EQs and many digital EQs create _____ when used?

phase shift

Parametric means that these qualities on an EQ are variable?

level, frequency and "Q"

The purpose of a compressor is

to reduce the dynamic range.

The side chain input on a compressor might also be called the?

key input

An expander is normally used in the studio to?

control noise and leakage

A compression ratio is a ratio of?

input to output

A threshold control of a compressor/limiter?

sets the dB level above which compression will begin to be applied

If a compressor threshold is set at 0 dB and the compression ratio at 2:1 an input signal of +12 dB would produce an output at?

+ 6dB

ADT

A time processor effect replicating an instrument playing the same part over again is know as?

Which of the following best describes the flanging effect?

a shifting comb filter with harmonically related null points

An echo chamber?

creates natural sounding revereration.

how long it takes the initial sound to decay 60 dB

The decay time of a reverb

plate

This type of reverb device uses an electromechanical transducer to create a vibration in a large piece of sheet metal

What brought about the need for developing and applying artificial reverb?

close micing and mutlitracking

A "dry" sound lacks

effects

Music Producer

helps the artist and record company create the best possible recorded performance and final product that reflects the artist's vision

Music Engineer

expresses the artist's music and the producer's concepts and intent through the medium of recording technology

FOH engineer

focuses on mixing audio for the audience of a live show

Monitor engineer

responsible for the operation of the monitor mixing console, maintenance and repair of the band's in-ears

Location Sound Recordist

member of a film crew responsible for recording all sound recording on set during the filmmaking for later inclusion in the finished product

Scoring engineer

works during the recording sessions to record and mix the music for film/TV

ADR engineer

responsible for recording sessions for overdubbing lines in a film that needed to be rerecorded

Foley engineer

records the sounds to match live sounds filmed

Post-production engineer

works on all stages after the actual recording in a studio happens

Sound-effects designer

Plans and provides the sound effects for screen action

Radio Broadcast Streaming engineer

responsible for mixing sound for live radio

Electronic music producer

A person who is responsible for carrying out the creation of electronic music