Midterm Review - Pediatric Nursing

This set of flashcards covers key concepts and facts related to pediatric nursing as reviewed in the midterm lecture notes.

Infant (0–12 months)

Growth characterized by doubling of birth weight by 6 months and tripling by 1 year; rapid brain growth, with motor developments like lifting head and crawling.

Toddler (1–3 years)

Growth characterized by gaining 4–6 lb/year; improved motor skills such as walking and running; cognitive development focused on autonomy.

Preschool (3–6 years)

Growth steady at about 5 lb and 2–3 inches/year; development of initiative and preoperational thinking.

School Age (6–12 years)

Gradual growth with development in coordination and logical thinking; focus on industry and peer relationships.

Adolescent (12–18 years)

Growth spurts in puberty; increased strength and coordination; development of identity.

Psychosocial Development

Erikson's stages of psychosocial development include Trust vs Mistrust for infants, Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt for toddlers, Initiative vs Guilt for preschoolers, Industry vs Inferiority for school-aged children, and Identity vs Role Confusion for adolescents.

Developmental Milestones

Key skills or characteristics typically reached at specific ages, such as saying 1-3 words by 12 months for infants.

Pulse Rates for Pediatric Ages

Normal heart rate ranges vary by age: Newborn (110-160 bpm), Infant (100-160 bpm), Toddler (90-150 bpm), Preschool (80-140 bpm), School Age (70-120 bpm), Adolescent (60-100 bpm).

Bruising in Toddlers

Common finding, but should raise concerns if unusual patterns or location are noted.

Croup

Viral inflammation leading to airway narrowing, characterized by barking cough and stridor; treated with humidified air and steroids.

Epiglottitis

Bacterial inflammation causing airway obstruction; significant findings include drooling and tripod position; requires emergency management.

Ductus Arteriosus

Fetal shunt that connects pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood flow to bypass the non-functioning lungs.

Transposition of Great Arteries (TGA)

Congenital defect in which the aorta and pulmonary artery are switched, creating parallel circulations; requires urgent surgical intervention.

Dehydration in Children

Risk factors include vomiting and diarrhea; classified into mild, moderate, and severe dehydration with varying nursing interventions.

Fluid Resuscitation Calculation

Maintenance fluid calculations differ based on weight; the first 10 kg uses 4 ml/kg/hr, the next 10 kg uses 2 ml/kg/hr, and every kg above that uses 1 ml/kg/hr.

Medication Dosing

Pediatric medication dosages often calculated based on weight (mg/kg), emphasizing high risk for dosing errors.

SUID

Sudden Unexpected Infant Death, influenced by factors like unsafe sleep environments; prevention education is critical.