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Digestion
The mechanical and chemical breakdown of food.
Mechanical Digestion
The process by which food is physically broken down into smaller pieces, such as chewing.
Chemical Digestion
The breakdown of food by enzymes and acids, starting in the mouth with salivary amylase.
Prehension
The act of seizing and conveying feed into the mouth.
Mastication
The act of chewing food to break it down mechanically.
Salivation
The mixing of food with saliva to aid in swallowing and digestion.
Bolus Formation
The process of forming a ball of feed to be swallowed.
Rumination
The process of chewing cud, where ruminants regurgitate and re-chew food.
Monogastrics
Animals with one stomach, such as pigs and humans.
Herbivorous Monogastric
Animals with one true stomach and adaptations for digesting plant materials, like horses and rabbits.
Modified Monogastrics
Animals with distinct digestive structures, such as poultry, that digest food differently than mammals.
Ruminants
Animals with a specialized stomach consisting of four compartments for digesting fibrous plant materials.
Rumen
The largest compartment of a ruminant's stomach, mainly involved in microbial fermentation.
Reticulum
The compartment of the ruminant stomach that strains undigestible materials.
Omasum
A compartment of the ruminant stomach that further processes the digested food.
Abomasum
The 'true' stomach of ruminants, where enzymatic digestion occurs.
Cecum
A pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines, aiding in fiber digestion for certain animals.
Accessory Glands
Glands like the salivary glands, pancreas, and liver that aid in digestion by secreting enzymes and other substances.
Salivary Amylase
An enzyme produced by salivary glands that begins the digestion of starches.
Pancreas
An organ that produces digestive enzymes for the small intestine.
Liver
An organ that produces bile to emulsify fats for easier digestion.
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