Reversible reactions, industrial processes and important chemicals

Reversible Reaction

Products can revert to original reactants.

Forward Reaction

Formation of products from reactants.

Backward Reaction

Formation of reactants from products.

Dynamic Equilibrium

Forward and backward reactions occur simultaneously.

Haber Process

Manufactures ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen.

Catalyst of Iron

Used in Haber process to speed up reaction.

High Temperature

450 °C used in Haber process conditions.

High Pressure

200 atmospheres used in Haber process conditions.

Ammonia (NH₃)

Produced in Haber process, used in fertilizers.

Test for Ammonia

Turns moist red litmus paper blue.

Ammonium Ions

React with hydroxide ions to form ammonia.

Hydroxide Ions

React with ammonium ions to produce ammonia.

Ionic Equation

NH₄⁺ + OH⁻ → NH₃ + H₂O.

Nitrogenous Fertilizers

Made from ammonia via neutralization reactions.

Sulfuric Acid

Strong acid with formula H₂SO₄.

Contact Process

Method to produce sulfuric acid.

Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂)

Produced by burning sulfur in air.

Sulfur Trioxide (SO₃)

Formed from sulfur dioxide and oxygen.

Vanadium(V) Oxide

Catalyst used in the contact process.

Dehydrating Agent

Removes water from other compounds.

Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

Used as dehydrating agent in reactions.

Eutrophication

Algae bloom caused by fertilizer runoff.

Baby Blue Syndrome

Condition caused by excess nitrates.

Ammonium Sulfate

Produced from ammonia and sulfuric acid.

Ammonium Nitrate

Produced from ammonia and nitric acid.

Reaction Rate

Speed of a chemical reaction.

Yield of Ammonia

Amount of ammonia produced in reaction.