Cell Types: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells

Flashcards summarizing key vocabulary and concepts related to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic Cell

A type of cell that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, e.g., bacterial cells.

Eukaryotic Cell

A type of cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Cytoplasm

The contents within the plasma membrane of a cell, excluding the nucleus in eukaryotic cells.

Cell Wall

A rigid layer that provides support and protection to some cells, notably plant cells and prokaryotes.

Plasma Membrane

A semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out.

Ribosomes

Molecular machines that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA.

Nucleus

The membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plant cells that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

Mitochondria

Membrane-bound organelles responsible for producing energy through respiration in eukaryotic cells.

Cytoskeleton

A network of protein filaments and tubules that provide shape and support to the cell.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

A type of endoplasmic reticulum that is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

A type of endoplasmic reticulum that is studded with ribosomes and involved in protein synthesis.

Vacuole

A membrane-bound sac within the cytoplasm that can store nutrients, waste products, or help in maintaining turgor pressure.

Animal Cell

A eukaryotic cell characterized by the lack of a cell wall, presence of centrioles, and various organelles.

Plant Cell

A eukaryotic cell distinguished by the presence of a cell wall, chloroplasts, and vacuoles.

Cytosol

The liquid component of the cytoplasm, where organelles are suspended.

Genetic Material

DNA or RNA that contains the information necessary for the development and function of living organisms.

Bacterial Cell

A single-celled organism that typically exhibits prokaryotic cell characteristics.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

An extensive network of membranes involved in the synthesis and transportation of proteins and lipids.

Comparison Diagram

A visual representation, such as a Venn diagram, used to compare and contrast different concepts.

Kahoot Quiz

An interactive learning game used for quizzes and assessments, often played in educational settings.