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Prokaryote
A microscopic single-celled organism which has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles, including the bacteria and cyanobacteria.
Prokaryote Characteristics
0.5-5 µm diametre
DNA is circular with no proteins, in the cytoplasm
Occurs by binary fission, no spindle involved
70S ribosomes
Very few, no membrane-bound organelles
Made of peptidoglycan (polysaccharide and amino acids) and murein
Eukaryote
An organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaea.
Eukaryote Characteristics
Up to 100 µm diameter
DNA is associated with histones (proteins), forming chromosomes
Occurs by mitosis or meiosis and involves a spindle to separate chromosomes
80S ribosomes
Numerous types of organelles are membrane-bound. Single membranes: lysosomes, Golgi complex, vacuoles. Double membranes: nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast. No membrane: ribosomes, centrioles, microtubules
Present in plants (made of cellulose or lignin) and fungi (made of chitin, similar to cellulose but containing nitrogen)