Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes

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4 Terms

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Prokaryote

A microscopic single-celled organism which has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles, including the bacteria and cyanobacteria.

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Prokaryote Characteristics

0.5-5 µm diametre

DNA is circular with no proteins, in the cytoplasm

Occurs by binary fission, no spindle involved

70S ribosomes

Very few, no membrane-bound organelles

Made of peptidoglycan (polysaccharide and amino acids) and murein

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Eukaryote

An organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaea.

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Eukaryote Characteristics

Up to 100 µm diameter

DNA is associated with histones (proteins), forming chromosomes

Occurs by mitosis or meiosis and involves a spindle to separate chromosomes

80S ribosomes

Numerous types of organelles are membrane-bound. Single membranes: lysosomes, Golgi complex, vacuoles. Double membranes: nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast. No membrane: ribosomes, centrioles, microtubules

Present in plants (made of cellulose or lignin) and fungi (made of chitin, similar to cellulose but containing nitrogen)