Sodium Chloride 0.9%

Drug name

Sodium Chloride 0.9% (Normal Saline)

Drug class

Isotonic crystalloid solution

Pharmacology

Acts as a vehicle for parenteral drugs and an electrolyte replenisher for fluid maintenance or replacement.

Metabolism

100% bioavailable; excess sodium excreted via kidneys.

Presentations

Ampoule - 10 mL; Viaflex bag - 100 mL / 500 mL; BD PosiFlush™ pre-filled syringe - 10 mL

Onset

Immediate

Duration

Variable

Indications

Inadequate tissue perfusion/shock; Hypovolaemia; Significant burns (TBSA > 20%); dissolve/dilute drugs (IM, IV, IO); flush IV/IO

Contraindications

Nil

Precautions

Heart failure (current or history); Renal failure; Uncontrolled haemorrhage

Side effects

Fluid overload

Adult Dosages - Inadequate tissue perfusion / shock

IV/IO INF Titrate to patient response

Adult Dosages - Hypovolaemia

IV/IO INF Titrate to patient response

Adult Dosages - Significant burns

IV/IO INF 15 mL/hr × TBSA (nearest 10%); if >100 kg, add 200 mL/hr

Adult Dosages - Flush following IV/IO drug

IV/IO PRN (as required) - typically 5-10 mL using 0.9% NaCl