policing strategies

Flashcards covering responses to crime by society, including theories of punishment, preventative strategies, criminal justice system responses, and policing strategies.

Deterrence Theory

A theory of punishment that aims to discourage individuals from committing crimes by instilling fear of the consequences.

Rehabilitation Theory

A theory of punishment focused on reforming offenders and reintegrating them into society through education, therapy, and job training.

Incapacitation Theory

A theory of punishment that involves removing offenders from society to prevent them from committing further crimes (e.g., through imprisonment).

Retributivism Theory

A theory of punishment based on the idea that offenders should be punished in proportion to the harm they have caused, as a form of just desert.

Denunciation Theory

A theory of punishment that uses punishment to publicly condemn and denounce criminal behavior, reinforcing societal values and norms.

Community Policing

A policing strategy that involves officers working closely with community members to address local concerns and build relationships.

Hot-Spot Policing

A policing strategy that concentrates resources and efforts on areas with high crime rates.

Stop and Search

A policing tactic where officers stop and search individuals suspected of carrying illegal or harmful items.

Early Intervention Strategies

Proactive measures designed to address risk factors and prevent individuals from engaging in criminal behavior.

Multi-Agency Approaches

Collaborative partnerships between various organizations (e.g., police, social services, schools) to address crime and related issues.

Custodial Sentences

Punishments that involve imprisonment or confinement in a correctional facility.

Non-Custodial Sentences

Punishments that do not involve imprisonment, such as fines, community service, or probation.

Restriction of Liberty Order (ROLO)

A court order that restricts an individual's freedom of movement and activities.

Drug Treatment and Testing Order (DTTO)

A court order that requires an individual with a drug problem to undergo treatment and testing.

Community Payback Order (CPO)

A court order that requires an individual to perform unpaid work in the community as a form of punishment.

Stop & Search - Scotland

In Scotland, police officers have the power to stop and search people and vehicles if they have reasonable grounds to suspect that the person is carrying an illegal or harmful item, like illegal drugs and substances; an offensive weapon; stolen property; or something that could be used to commit a crime.

Stop & Frisk - New York, USA

A preventative measure used by the New York Police Department where individuals are stopped and searched; has faced backlash regarding racial profiling.

Community Beat Officers (CBO)

Officers assigned to different local areas responsible for improving trust and compliance between the community and officers by promoting campaigns such as Police Scotland’s Domestic Abuse Campaigns.