Period 4 APUSH

Haitian Revolution

A major influece of the Latin American revolutions because of its successfulness; the only successful slave revolt in history; it is led by Toussaint L'Ouverture.

Louisiana Purchase

territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million

Why did the Federalists oppose the Louisiana Purchase?

They feared the westward expansion would weaken New England's power in political and economic affairs.

Midbury v Madison

Supreme Court decision establishing the authority of the Supreme Court to rule on constitutionality of federal laws called the Judicial Review

McCulloch v. Maryland

Reinforced government ability to have specific understanding of the Constitution for implied powers. In this case, Maryland could not tax the 2nd Bank of the US and it had the right to exist.

Embargo Act

1807 act which ended all of America's importation and exportation. Jefferson hoped the act would pressure the French and British to recognize U.S. neutrality rights in exchange for U.S. goods. Really, however, just hurt Americans and our economy and got repealed in 1809.

National Road

The first highway built by the federal government. Constructed during 1825-1850, it stretched from Pennsylvania to Illinois. It was a major overland shipping route and an important connection between the North and the West.

American System

Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy.

Erie Canal

an artificial waterway connecting the Hudson river at Albany with Lake Erie at Buffalo. Very good for trading from the Midwest to the North

Panic of 1819

Economic depression from inflated land prices of 1812 war, state banks giving too many bank notes, less demand for certain goods because of the Napoleonic wars, and 2nd Bank called in loans.

Missouri Compromise

"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states. Controversial because it meant a northern state was a slave state to keep power balance in the senate.

Non-intercourse act

Allowed US trade with everyone but France and Britain to help the economy (neither happened).

War of 1812

A war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France. Led to nationalism, feelings of independence for the US, better military, better economy from more efforts in economy, got more control of land.

Hartford Convention

Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence

Treaty of Ghent

Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.

Monroe Doctrine

An American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers. Didn't have the military power to back it up when it was established but later did. Examples of when it was used: Venezuelan Boundary Dispute, Spanish American War.

Adam-Onís Treaty

an 1819 agreement in which Spain gave over control of the territory of Florida to the United States

Market Revolution

Innovations with many industries to have more efficient, productive markets. People bought and sold things rather than just making things themselves.

American System of Manufacturing

a technique of production in the United States that relied on precision manufacturing with the use of interchangeable parts

How did technological advanced change Americans' lives?

Women worked in factories, families started using machines for manufacturing, there were more middle class people, women started working with textiles while men did heavy lifting, had servants or slaves do domestic work in wealthy households, and there were family factories with mostly machines.

How was the Waltham-Lowell system exploitative and beneficial?

Pros; Alternative to marriage and women could provide money for their families. Cons: controlled by the clock, cut wages but more hours, sped up machines, crowded, and prices were high for housing.

Deskilling

Workers that didn't have skills, like artisans, had the same value as skill workers since machines didn't require skill.

Mutual Aid Society

self-help groups to aid sick or injured workers

Panic of 1837

Collapsing land and cotton market leading to unemployment, bankruptcy, and deflation. Caused cotton and textile shipment to be cut, investors and merchants became broke, petty crimes, prostitution, more violence, more work hours, lower wages, a need for fast workers, and local needs not being met. Caused by Britain not buying goods from America due to bad harvest and decline cotton market.

Nullification

South Carolina's refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional in response to Tariff of 1832

Tariff of 1832

Reduced the Tariff of 1828, but was not sufficient enough for Southerners.

Tariff of 1828

Protective tariff on imports that benefited the industrial North while forcing Southerners to pay higher prices on manufactured goods; called the "Tariff of Abominations" by Southerners.

Ordinance of Nullification

South Carolina declared the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null and void and forbade the collection of those duties.

Force Bill

gave the president power to use military force to collect tariffs if the need arose

Gag Rule

1835 law passed by Southern congress which made it illegal to talk of abolition or anti-slavery arguments in Congress

Indian Removal Act

(1830) a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River in the South

Trail of Tears

The winter travel from Southern US land to Indian Territory where many Native Americans had died due to lack of food, cold, or sickness.

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

(1831) The Cherokees argued that they were a seperate nation and therefore not under Georgia's jurisdiction. Marshall said they were not, but rather had "special status"

Treaty of New Echota

A small group of Cherokee people said they would exchange their land for money and the Indian territory. This had no tribal approval but congress passed it anyways.

Whig Party

An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements

Nativist

a person who favors those born in his country and is opposed to immigrants. Caused by the Panic of 1837 where immigrants were blamed for poverty and crime thus becoming stereotypes for lazy poor people. Men didn't help them because it was seen as weak.

American Anti Slavery Society

Founded in 1833 by William Lloyd Garrison and other abolitionists. Garrison burned the Constitution as a proslavery document. Argued for "no Union with slaveholders" until they repented for their sins by freeing their slaves. Much more large scale with more white people involved. Black people and women were often discriminated and left out of this society.

Come Outer Movement

Protest movement whose members would frequently abstain from political office, activity, or voting to protest the government and other organizations' complicity in slavery

Declarations of Sentiments

Document patterned after the Declaration of Independence that stated the rights women wanted in the United States.

Liberty Party

A former political party in the United States; formed in 1839 to oppose the practice of slavery; merged with the Free Soil Party in 1848

Free Soil Party

A political party dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery

How did the ban of slave importation affect slaves?

They were treated more carefully so they could be forced to reproduce however they were still treated horribly. They were viewed as "valuable property" rather than expendable. Many families were ripped apart because slaves had moved to the south after the Indian Removal Act.

Nat Turner's Rebellion

Slave uprising that caused panic in white Southerns and stricter slave codes and regulation of black people. Slaves couldn't be freed, it was illegal to teach them how to read and write, had no access to court, no slave marriage, banned anti-slave writing, rape was only a crime for white women, and illegal to have 3+ black people without a white person present. Freed slaves couldn't return to their home states and had to pay to ensure good behavior.

How were planters able keep slavery?

3/5ths compromise gave the South more representatives, cemented the idea that white people were superior, slavery was good for black people because they were stupid and immortal, and supported white people financially (bribing sort of).