INNERVATION AND ACTION POTENTIALS

Olfaction

Special sensation where signals are sent directly to the cortex without first synapsing in the thalamus

. Vision

Special sensation transmitted by CN II

. CN II

The afferent nerve for the pupillary reflex pathway

. Pretectal nucleus

The nucleus where axons terminate for the pupillary reflex

. CN III

The efferent nerve for the pupillary constriction pathway

. CN III

The cranial nerve that innervates the Medial Rectus muscle

. CN III

The cranial nerve that innervates the Superior Rectus muscle

. CN III

The cranial nerve that innervates the Inferior Rectus muscle

. CN III

The cranial nerve that innervates the Inferior Oblique muscle

. CN III

The cranial nerve that innervates the pupil constrictor muscles of the iris, causing pupil constriction

. CN III

The cranial nerve that innervates the ciliary muscle, causing thickening of the lens for accommodation

. Interpeduncular fossa

The ventral aspect of the midbrain where CN III emerges

.Medially

The direction where CN III, CN IV, CN VI, and CN XII exit from the brainstem

. CN IV

The cranial nerve that innervates the Superior Oblique muscle

. Dorsally

The direction where CN IV is the only cranial nerve to exit the brainstem

. CN VI

The cranial nerve that innervates the Lateral Rectus muscle

. CN V

The cranial nerve that carries general sensation from the three trigeminal dermatomes (V1, V2, V3) of the face

. CN V

The cranial nerve that innervates muscles for chewing and swallowing

. CN V1 ophthalmic division

The afferent branch for the Corneal Reflex

. CN VII orbicularis oculi

The efferent branch for the Corneal Reflex, causing closure of bilateral eyes

. CN V3 mandibular division

The afferent branch for the Jaw jerk reflex

. CN V medial pterygoid muscle

The efferent structure for the Jaw jerk reflex, resulting in slight closure of the jaw

. Pontine tegmentum

The location of the CN V motor nuclei

. Tensor tympani

One of the muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve

. Tensor veli palatini

One of the muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve

. Mylohyoid muscles

One of the muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve

. CN VII

The cranial nerve that innervates the muscles of facial expression

. Bilaterally

How upper facial muscles receive input from the cortex via CN VII

. Contralaterally

How lower facial muscles receive input from the cortex via CN VII

. Anterior ⅔ of tongue

The area where the CN VII special sensory root provides taste

. Mucosal glands

Innervated by the CN VII parasympathetic root

. CN VII

The cranial nerve tested by asking the patient to repeat "mi mi mi" for phonation

. Hearing

One of the functions of CN VIII

. Balance

One of the functions of CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear)

. Scarpa’s ganglion

The ganglion through which vestibular hair cells send signals via CN VIII

. CN IX

The cranial nerve that supplies general sensation from the posterior one-third of the tongue, soft palate, and pharynx

.CN IX

The cranial nerve that supplies visceral sensation from the carotid body and carotid sinus

. Posterior one-third of tongue

The area where the CN IX special sensory root provides taste

. Stylopharyngeus muscle

Innervated by the CN IX branchial motor root

. Inferior salivatory nucleus

The location of the CN IX parasympathetic motor component

. Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus

The pathway from the hypothalamus influencing the inferior salivatory nucleus of CN IX

. CN IX

The afferent nerve for the Gag reflex

. Nucleus ambiguus

The nucleus of CN IX that adjusts cardiac output

. CN IX

The cranial nerve tested by asking the patient to repeat "Ka ka ka" for phonation

. Medulla

The brainstem region where CN 9-12 exit

. CN X

The cranial nerve literally meaning “wandering” and having the largest visceral sensory component

. Nucleus solitarius

The nucleus where the visceral sensory pathway of CN X terminates

.Reticular Formation and Hypothalamus

Structures where the nucleus solitarius sends signals for reflex responses controlling respiration, blood pressure, and cardiac output

. Dorsal nucleus

The location of the CN X parasympathetic motor component

. Nucleus ambiguus

The nucleus of the CN X branchial motor root, receiving bilateral signals from the motor cortex

. Pharyngeal, superior laryngeal, and recurrent laryngeal

The three major branches of the CN X branchial motor fibers leaving the nucleus ambiguus

. CN X

The efferent nerve for the Gag reflex

. CN X

The cranial nerve tested by palatal elevation

. CN XI

A purely motor cranial nerve

. Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid muscles

Innervated by the CN XI branchial motor root

. CN XII

A purely motor cranial nerve

. All extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles EXCEPT palatoglossus

Innervated by the CN XII somatic motor root

. Hypoglossal nucleus

The nucleus of CN XII located in the medulla

. CN XII

The cranial nerve tested by asking the patient to repeat "La la la" for phonation

. Posterior root ganglion of the spinal nerve

Location of the cell body of the 1st-order neuron in the ascending pathway to consciousness

. Dorsal root ganglion

Location of the cell body of the 1st-order neuron for the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway and the anterolateral pathway

. Single posterior (dorsal) nerve root

Supplies the area of skin called a dermatome

. Single SC segment

Innervates a group of muscles called a myotome

. T4

Dermatomal landmark for the nipples

. T10

Dermatomal landmark for the umbilicus

. L1

Dermatomal landmark for the groin

. L5

Dermatomal landmark for the large toe

. S1

Dermatomal landmark for the small toe

. C5, C6

Reflex center for the Pectoralis reflex

. C5, C6

Reflex center for the Biceps reflex

. Musculocutaneous nerve

Afferent/Efferent nerve for the Biceps reflex

. C6, C7, C8

Reflex center for the Triceps reflex

. Radial nerve

Afferent/Efferent nerve for the Triceps reflex

. C6, C7

Reflex center for the Brachioradialis reflex

. Radial nerve

Afferent/Efferent nerve for the Brachioradialis reflex

. L2, L3, L4

Reflex center for the Quadriceps (Patellar) reflex

.Femoral nerve

Afferent/Efferent nerve for the Quadriceps (Patellar) reflex

. S1, S2

Reflex center for the Triceps surae (Achilles) reflex

. Tibial nerve

Afferent/Efferent nerve for the Triceps surae (Achilles) reflex

. S1, S2

Reflex center for the Plantar reflex

. Tibial nerve

Afferent/Efferent nerve for the Plantar reflex

. T7, T8, T9

Reflex center, afferent, and efferent for the Upper Abdominal reflex

. T10, T11, T12

Reflex center, afferent, and efferent for the Lower Abdominal reflex

. L1

Reflex center for the Cremasteric reflex

. Femoral—Genitofemoral nerves

Afferent/Efferent nerves for the Cremasteric reflex

. S2, S3, S4

Reflex center for the Bulbocavernosus reflex

. Pudendal nerve

Afferent/Efferent nerve for the Bulbocavernosus reflex

. S4, S5

Reflex center for the Anal wink reflex

. Pudendal nerve

Afferent/Efferent nerve for the Anal wink reflex

. Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscal system

The tract involved in position and vibration sense

. Position sense and migratory sense

Sensations subserved by the Dorsal-Column Medial Lemniscal pathway

.Proprioception

Information acquired and carried as a sensory function by the Dorsal-Column Medial Lemniscal pathway

. Dorsal root ganglion

Location of the cell body of the first-order neuron for the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway

. Nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus in the medulla

Location of the synapse between first and second-order neurons in the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway

. Internal arcuate fibers

The name given to the axons of relay neurons in the dorsal column nuclei as they decussate

. VPL (Ventroposterolateral Nucleus) of the thalamus

Location of the third-order neuron for the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway, concerned with inputs from the body

. Somatosensory cortex

Where the third-order neuron of the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway projects

. Anterolateral pathway

The tract for pain and temperature sensation

. Pain, temperature, and crude touch

Sensations subserved by the Anterolateral pathway

. Dorsal root ganglion

Location of the cell body of the first-order neuron for the anterolateral pathway