IT-341 Module-12 Chapter-15: IP Static Routing

What is a static route?

A manually configured route used to reach a specific network.

What command is used to configure an IPv4 static route?

ip route [network-address] [subnet-mask] [next-hop | exit-intf | both]

What command is used to configure an IPv6 static route?

ipv6 route [ipv6-prefix/prefix-length] [ipv6-address | exit-intf | both]

What are the types of static routes?

Standard static, Default static, Floating static, Summary static.

What is a next-hop static route?

Specifies only the next-hop IP address.

What is a directly connected static route?

Specifies only the exit interface.

What is a fully specified static route?

Specifies both next-hop IP and exit interface.

When should a fully specified route be used?

When the interface is multi-access or the next-hop is a link-local IPv6 address.

Which static route type is preferred for Ethernet links?

Fully specified static route.

Which static route type is preferred for serial point-to-point links?

Directly connected static route.

What is a default static route?

A route that matches all packets (used when no other specific route is found).

What is the IPv4 default route syntax?

ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 [next-hop | exit-intf]

What is the IPv6 default route syntax?

ipv6 route ::/0 [next-hop | exit-intf]

What symbol marks a default static route in the routing table?

An asterisk (*) next to the 'S' code.

What does ::/0 represent in IPv6?

The default route matching all IPv6 addresses.

What is a floating static route?

A backup static route with a higher administrative distance.

How is a floating static route configured?

Use the 'distance' argument in the static route command.

What is the default administrative distance of a static route?

1

How can you make a static route "float"?

By setting its administrative distance higher than the primary route.

What is a host route?

A route to a single host using a /32 mask (IPv4) or /128 (IPv6).

When is a host route installed automatically?

When an IP address is configured on a router interface.

What is the benefit of static host routes?

They allow precise routing to specific devices.

What command configures a static host route in IPv4?

ip route [host-ip] 255.255.255.255 [next-hop]

What command configures a static host route in IPv6?

ipv6 route [host-ipv6]/128 [next-hop]

How can a link-local address be used in a static route?

By also specifying the exit interface.

Why must the exit interface be specified with IPv6 link-local addresses?

Because link-local addresses are only unique on the local link.

What command verifies IPv4 static routes?

show ip route static

What command verifies IPv6 static routes?

show ipv6 route static

What command checks running static route config?

show running-config | section ip route

What tools are used to test static routes?

ping, traceroute

What is route summarization?

Creating one route that represents multiple networks.

What is a benefit of route summarization?

Reduces routing table size and improves performance.

What are disadvantages of summarization?

Can forward traffic for unused networks and cause suboptimal routing.

What is an example of a summarized IPv4 static route?

ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0 [next-hop]

When should summarization be used?

When multiple contiguous subnets can be represented by one summary route.

What command enables IPv6 unicast routing?

ipv6 unicast-routing

How does a router use the exit interface in static routes?

Determines how to send the packet out if no next-hop is specified.

What happens if a static route points to a wrong next-hop?

The route may still be installed, but traffic will be dropped.

Why is specifying both next-hop and exit interface recommended?

It improves accuracy and avoids recursive lookups.

Can a router have multiple static routes to the same destination?

Yes, with different administrative distances or metrics.

What is the purpose of verifying static routes?

To ensure the route was correctly installed in the routing table and is functioning as intended.

Why might a static route not appear in the routing table?

The next-hop IP or exit interface is incorrect, down, or not reachable.