Urbanization and Climate Change Flashcards

Flashcards based on lecture notes about urbanization and climate change, designed for vocabulary review.

Urbanisation

The increase in the number of people living in towns and cities compared to rural areas.

Megacities

Cities with over 10 million people.

Rural-to-Urban Migration

The movement of people from the countryside (rural areas) to cities (urban areas).

Push Factors

Reasons people leave rural areas, such as poverty, poor education/healthcare, lack of services, and natural disasters.

Pull Factors

Reasons people go to urban areas, such as job opportunities, better schools and hospitals, more reliable services, and modern housing/transport.

Settlement

A place where people set up home to live.

Burgess Model

An urban land use model developed in 1925 describing the social structure of cities in concentric circles or zones.

CBD

The center of the city where most businesses and shops are located.

Concentric Zone Model

Another name for the Burgess Model, describing city structure as a series of concentric circles.

Sustainable Urban Planning

Aims to create urban environments that meet the needs of current and future generations.

Volcanic eruptions

Release ash and gases such as sulfur dioxide which block sunlight and can temporarily cool the earth.

Greenhouse Effect

Gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat, keeping Earth warm.

Enhanced greenhouse effect

Human activities increase greenhouse gas levels, leading to more heat being trapped and causing global warming.

Mitigation

Reducing climate change (e.g., cutting greenhouse gas emissions, switching to renewable energy)

Adaptation

Adjusting to climate change impacts (e.g., building sea walls, using drought-resistant crops).

Albedo effect

Ice reflects sunlight, but when it melts, darker ocean water absorbs more heat, making warming happen faster.

Hurricane

A tropical storm with winds above 74 mph, with rotation caused by the Coriolis effect.

Eye of the storm

Calm, low-pressure center of a hurricane.

Eyewall

The location of the strongest winds and rain in a hurricane.

Rainbands

Spiral bands of rain around a hurricane.

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