Chapt 2. The Cell Structure

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

To maintain the boundary of the cell and protect its integrity.

What are the main components of the cytoplasm?

Cytosol and organelles.

What are the two classes of membrane proteins?

Integral membrane proteins and peripheral membrane proteins.

What is the role of glycolipids?

They help in cell recognition and holding cells together.

What is the function of mitochondria?

They produce ATP, the usable energy form for the cell.

What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) do?

It is involved in the synthesis of proteins.

What is the structure of the plasma membrane?

It consists of a lipid bilayer with proteins and cholesterol.

What is the primary function of lysosomes?

To degrade intracellular and extracellular debris.

What role does the Golgi apparatus play in protein processing?

It modifies proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them into vesicles.

What is the significance of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

They form a bilayer that acts as a barrier to large polar molecules.

How does cholesterol affect the plasma membrane?

It interferes with hydrophobic interactions, preventing crystallization and maintaining fluidity.

What is the function of peroxisomes?

They oxidize molecules and breakdown long-chain fatty acids.

What is the nucleus's role in the cell?

It houses the DNA and controls cellular function and protein synthesis.

What is chromatin?

It is the form in which DNA exists as thin threads.

What is the function of the centrioles?

They help direct the development of the mitotic spindle during cell division.

What are ribosomes responsible for?

Translating mRNA to synthesize proteins.