Ionic Bonding

Chemical Bond: Ionic Bonds

One atom gives away one or more electrons, creating a negative anion and a positive cation

Chemical Bond: Covalent Bonds

Valence electrons are shared between atoms to form either network solids or molecules.

Chemical Bonds: Metallic Bonds

Shared to form a "sea" of electrons within a metallic solid.

Electronegativity

A measure of how strongly an atom attracts electrons.

When can the removal of electrons occur?

when the difference in electronegativity between the two atoms is about 1.7 or higher.

Do noble gases form ionic bonds?

No - Because they already have a full outer shell

The difference of 1.7 or more can only occur…

Between a metal and a nonmetal - Therefore, ionic bonds will be between metals and nonmetals.

The electron that was captured by the anion (atom with negative charge) is..

Not shared; it is bound to the anion.

Atoms with higher electronegativity…

Attract valence electrons from atoms with lower electronegativity.

Although they are composed of ions with electric charge..

Ionic compounds are electrically neutral..

Ionic compounds form..

crystalline solids at room temperature

Crystalline ionic solids are:

• very strong

• Have high melting points due to the powerful electrostatic forces holding them together.

• Brittle

• While very strong, ionic solids will shatter rather than bend

Molten Ionic Compounds

• At sufficiently high temperature, ionic solids will melt.

• Have very high boiling points

Aqueous Ionic Compounds

• Ionic solids can dissolve in water (e.g. salt dissolving in water).

• As a result, they can conduct electricity through the physical movement of those charged ions.

• (Ionic solids do not conduct electricity since the ions are not free to move.)