aging and development exam 3

Dispositional traits

Aspects of personality that are consistent across contexts and vary along a continuum of characteristics

Personal concerns

Important goals and life concerns that matter to individuals

Life narrative

Integrative aspects of personality that create identity and sense of self

Five Factor Model

A model of personality consisting of five independent dimensions

Neuroticism

Tendency toward emotional instability such as anxiety and depression

Extraversion

Traits related to sociability

Openness to experience

Willingness to engage with new ideas

Agreeableness

Trait reflecting kindness and cooperation opposite of antagonism

Conscientiousness

Trait describing being hardworking

Personality adjustment

Changes in personality that improve adaptation and functioning

Personality growth

Development toward ideal states such as maturity and well-being

TESSERA model

Personality develops through repeated short-term situational processes

Personal concerns (adult development)

What people want at different life stages and contexts

Jung’s theory

Personality development involves balancing opposing traits over time

Midlife crisis (Jung)

Period of self-reflection and integration in midlife

Erikson’s stages

Eight psychosocial conflicts across the lifespan

Epigenetic principle

Each developmental stage must be resolved to continue development

Generativity

Concern for guiding the next generation

Generativity action

Behaviors that promote the well-being of future generations

Life transitions theory

Adulthood consists of alternating periods of stability and change

Midlife correction

Reevaluation of life roles and goals rather than crisis

Life-story model

People create evolving life stories to define identity

Agency

Theme in life stories involving power and achievement

Communion

Theme in life stories involving relationships and belonging

Whitbourne’s identity theory

Identity develops by balancing experience and self-concept

Six Foci Model

Personality includes traits

Self-concept

Organized pattern of self-perceptions including self-esteem

Possible selves

Future-oriented views of what one may become or fears becoming

Spirituality and identity

Religion contributes to identity and coping in adulthood

Mental health

State of well-being including autonomy and accurate perception of reality

Psychopathology

Presence of mental disorders or abnormal behavior

Biopsychosocial model

Mental health influenced by biological

Assessment

Process of measuring and understanding behavior

Multidimensional assessment

Evaluation of physical

Mental status exam

Quick screening for cognitive impairment

Clinical interview

Assessment using direct and nonverbal information

Psychotherapy

Treatment involving talking with a clinician

Depression

Mood disorder with persistent sadness and physical symptoms

Beck Depression Inventory

Scale used to measure depression

Geriatric Depression Scale

Depression assessment for older adults

SSRIs

Medications that increase serotonin levels

Anxiety disorders

Conditions involving excessive fear or worry

Cognitive behavioral therapy

Therapy focusing on changing thoughts and behaviors

Substance use disorder

Problematic use of substances such as alcohol

Delirium

Rapid disturbance in consciousness due to medical causes

Dementia

Cognitive decline due to brain damage

Alzheimer’s disease

Progressive and fatal form of dementia

Sundowning

Worsening of dementia symptoms in the evening

Vascular dementia

Dementia caused by reduced blood flow to the brain

Lewy body dementia

Dementia involving abnormal protein deposits in the brain

Huntington’s disease

Genetic disorder causing movement and cognitive decline

Adult friendships (affective basis)

Relationships based on emotional closeness and support

Socioemotional selectivity

Preference for meaningful relationships with age

Sternberg’s love theory

Love consists of passion

Assortative mating

Choosing partners with similar traits

Homogamy

Degree of similarity between partners

Battered spouse syndrome

Pattern of abuse in relationships

Elder abuse

Harm toward older adults including neglect or exploitation

Cohabitation

Living together in a committed relationship without marriage

Exchange theory

Relationships based on mutual contributions

Marital satisfaction

Overall evaluation of marriage quality

Vulnerability-stress-adaptation model

Marital quality depends on handling stress

Familism

Value placing family needs above individual needs

Sandwich generation

Adults caring for both children and aging parents

Filial obligation

Responsibility to care for aging parents

Divorce hangover

Difficulty moving on after divorce

Career construction theory

Careers built through personal traits and social context

Social cognitive career theory

Career choices influenced by self-efficacy

Holland’s theory

Career choice based on personality-job fit

Vocational maturity

Readiness to make career decisions

Reality shock

Gap between expectations and real-world job experience

Mentor

Experienced worker guiding career development

Job satisfaction

Positive feelings about one’s work

Burnout

Emotional exhaustion and loss of motivation from work

Alienation

Feeling disconnected from work meaning

Glass ceiling

Barrier preventing advancement for women and minorities

Glass cliff

Leadership roles given during crisis situations

Sexual harassment

Unwanted behavior of a sexual nature in the workplace

Age discrimination

Employment decisions based on age

Occupational insecurity

Fear of losing one’s job

Unemployment effects

Negative impacts on mental and physical health

Dependent care dilemma

Balancing work and caregiving responsibilities

Retirement

Transition from work to leisure in later life

Volunteering

Unpaid work that provides purpose and community involvement

Leisure activities

Activities done for enjoyment and well-being