Untitled Flashcards Set

What are the two categories of immunity?

Innate immunity and adaptive immunity.

What is the main feature of innate immunity?

The response is always the same and involves mechanical barriers and chemical mediators.

What type of cells are involved in innate immunity?

White blood cells including phagocytic cells (neutrophils and macrophages), natural killer cells, and inflammatory cells (basophils, mast cells, eosinophils).

How does adaptive immunity differ from innate immunity?

Adaptive immunity improves its response each time a specific substance is encountered.

What role do antigens play in immunity?

Antigens stimulate the adaptive immunity responses.

What are the two types of adaptive immunity?

Cell-mediated immunity and antibody-mediated immunity.

What do t-cells primarily do?

Produce cytokines and protect against intracellular antigens and tumors.

What do b-cells primarily do?

Secrete antibodies and protect against extracellular antigens.

What is the difference between naturally active and naturally passive immunity?

Naturally active immunity occurs when antigens enter the body and induce antibodies; naturally passive immunity is when antibodies pass from mother to fetus.

What is the difference between artificially active and artificially passive immunity?

Artificially active immunity results from antigens introduced in vaccines leading to antibody production; artificially passive immunity involves the injection of preformed antibodies.

How is a B-cell activated to become a plasma cell?

B-cells are activated when they encounter an antigen and receive signals from helper T-cells, leading to their differentiation into plasma cells.