Immunology: All the ways in which the body can protect itself; t-cell & b-cell response (how is b-cell activated to become a plasma cell?) be detailed
Immunity is split into two categories: innate and adaptive. With innate immunity, the response is always the same. It involves mechanical barriers that prevent entry and chemical mediators that send signals to kill bacteria and regulate inflammatory responses. Cell surface proteins, complement cells, and interferons are all types of chemical mediators. Innate immunity also uses white blood cells, phagocytic cells such as neutrophils and macrophages, natural killer cells, and inflammatory cells such as basophils, mast cells, and eosinophils. With adaptive immunity, the response improves each time a specific substance is encountered. Antigens play a big part in this as they stimulate the adaptive immunity responses. Foreign antigens from outside of the body can cause viruses, allergic reactions, transplant rejections, etc. Self-antigens are produced by the body to stimulate immune responses and can be both harmful and useful. There are two types of adaptive immunity: cell-mediated and antibody-mediated. Cell-mediated immunity involves t-cells which mainly produce cytokines and protect against intracellular antigens and tumors. Antibody-mediated immunity involves b-cells which mainly secrete antibodies and protect against extracellular antigens. Adaptive immunity can also be split into subcategories: naturally or artificially acquired. Both can be either active or passive. In naturally active, antigens enter and the body induces antibodies, while in naturally passive, antibodies pass from the mother to the fetus. In artificially active, antigens are introduced in vaccines to which the body produces antigens while in artificially passive, they are preformed antibodies that are injected.
Knowt
Note
Studied by 4 people
