PLTW HBS Final

What are the 12 directional terms used in anatomy?

Anterior, Posterior, Inferior, Superior, Medial, Lateral, Distal, Proximal

What is the abdominal region in anatomy?

Stomach

What is the antecubital region in anatomy?

Elbow

What is the axillary region in anatomy?

Armpit

What is the brachial region in anatomy?

Arm

What is the scapular region in anatomy?

Upper back

What is the nasal region in anatomy?

Nose

What is the occipital region in anatomy?

Back of the head

What is the sternal region in anatomy?

Middle chest bone

What is the olecranal region in anatomy?

Back of the elbow

What is the tarsal region in anatomy?

Ankle

What is the thoracic region in anatomy?

Chest

What is the umbilical region in anatomy?

Belly button

What is the buccal region in anatomy?

Cheek

What is the calcaneal region in anatomy?

Heel

What is the carpal region in anatomy?

Wrist

What is the cephalic region in anatomy?

Head

What is the cervical region in anatomy?

Neck

What is the coxal region in anatomy?

Hips

What is the digital region in anatomy?

Fingers

What is the femoral region in anatomy?

Thigh

What is the vertebral region in anatomy?

Spinal cord

What is the oral region in anatomy?

Mouth

What is the orbital region in anatomy?

Eye

What is the patellar region in anatomy?

Kneecap

What is the pelvic region in anatomy?

Hips

What is the popliteal region in anatomy?

Back of the knee

What is the sacral region in anatomy?

Posterior pelvis

What is the gluteal region in anatomy?

Glutes

What is the inguinal region in anatomy?

Groin

What is the lumbar region in anatomy?

Lower back

What are the body planes of the body?

Coronal, Sagittal, Transverse, Medial

What is the cranial cavity?

head

What is the dorsal body cavity?

cranial and vertebral cavities

What is the pelvic cavity?

base of the spine, includes the urinary tract, digestive system, and reproductive system

What is the ventral body cavity?

abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities

What is the thoracic cavity?

Chest cavity

What is the vertebral cavity?

Spinal cord

What is the abdominal cavity?

Stomach cavity

What is the abdominopelvic cavity?

pelvic and abdominal cavities

What are the levels of organization in the human body?

Cell, Tissue, Organs, Organ systems, Organism

What are the 4 main tissue types of the human body?

Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, Muscle

Where is epithelial tissue found?

organ linings and skin

Where is connective tissue found?

cartilage, bones, tendons, ligaments, and adipose

Where is nervous tissue found?

nerves

Where is muscle tissue found?

cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscles

What is the frontal bone?

Forehead bone

What is the mandible?

Jaw bone

What is the maxilla?

above mandible and surrounds nasal bone

What is the nasal bone?

Nose bone

What is the parietal bone?

Top of the side of the head

What is the temporal bone?

Lower side of the head

What is the zygomatic bone?

Cheek bone

What is the occipital bone?

back of the head

What are flat bones?

Spongy bones in between two compact bones

What are short bones?

Cubular with equal dimensions, mostly spongy bone

What are long bones?

Contain a shaft with a marrow cavity

What are irregular bones?

Thin layer of spongy bone surrounded by compact bone

What is spongy bone?

Organized in a honeycomb-like structure, provides flexibility and support

What is the function of blood vessels in bones?

allow nutrients to travel to the bone

Where is compact bone located?

diaphysis

What does the diaphysis of a bone contain?

the medullary cavity

What is the epiphysis?

end of the femur, contains blood vessels and spongy bone

What is the metaphysis?

The flare part of the bone, contains the growth plate and allows for growth.

What is the medullary cavity?

the middle of the bone filled with yellow bone marrow.

What is the periosteum?

Covers the entire bone except the hip and knee joints

What is yellow bone marrow?

A fatty tissue in the medullary cavity

What is red bone marrow?

contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

How many bones are in the human body?

206 bones.

What is the femur?

The thigh bone

How many carpals are in the wrist?

8 wrist bones

What is the clavicle?

The collarbone

What is the fibula?

outer calf bone

What is the humerus?

Upper arm bone

How many metacarpals are there?

5

What are metatarsals?

Bones between the ankle and toes

What is the patella?

The kneecap

What is the pelvic girdle?

The pelvic bone

What are phalanges?

Finger bones

What is the radius?

Thumb side of the forearm

What is the rib cage?

The chest bone

What is the scapula?

The shoulder blade

What is the sphenoid bone?

Below the zygomatic bone and eye

What is the sternum?

Breast bone in between the ribs

How many tarsals are in the midfoot?

7

What is the tibia?

Inner side of the calf

What is the ulna?

Pinky side of the forearm

What is the vertebral column?

Spine

How many vertebrae are in the cervical region?

7

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic region?

12

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar region?

5

How many fused vertebrae are in the sacrum?

5

How many fused vertebrae are in the coccyx?

4

What are true ribs?

Ribs 1-7, which attach directly to the sternum.

What are false ribs?

Ribs 8-10, which don't attach directly to the sternum.

What are floating ribs?

Ribs 11-12 that do not attach to anything.

What is a key difference between male and female pelvis?

A male pelvis is slightly narrower, taller, and heavier while the female pelvis is wider, shorter, and lighter.

How many bones are in one hand and wrist?

27

What are the three types of bone breaks?

Spiral, transverse, and comminuted

What do osteoblasts do?

Build up bone