Chemistry: Fractional distillation and planar and tetrahedral carbons

sources of alkanes

crude oil, natural gas, coal

fractional distillation

crude oil is heating at teh bottom of fractioning column
added continously
hot vapor rises up
fractions distill at diff levels
Depending on their boiling point

bond angle

109.5

tetrahedral

carbon with 4 single bonds

planar

carbon without 4 single bonds

first three fractions and their number of carbons

refinary gas - 1-4 C
light gasoline - 5-10C
naphtha - 7-10C

all teh fractions and tehir uses

refinary gas - lighter fuel
light gasoline - petrol
naphtha - petrochemical industry
kerosene - jet and central heating fuel
gas oil - lorry fuel
lubrecating oil - gear oil
fuel oil - power station fuel
reidue - making tarmac

LPG and main components

liquid petroleum gas, ethane, porpane, butane

petrol

complex mixture of many compounds, mainly branched