seedless vascular plants

moist habitats

where are seedless vascular plants found

350 million years ago

when did seedless vascular plant dominate the landscape

yes

do seedless vascular plants alternate generations of sporophytes and gametophytes

water

what does fertilization require

lycophytes

what type of seedless vascular plants are club mosses

lycpodiaceae family

what family does lycophytes (club mosses) belong to

lycopodium and selaginella

what are two major genera (genus) of lycopodiophyta

50 species

how many lycopodium species are there

over 750 species

how many species of selaginella are there

microphylls

what are leaves with a singular unbranched vein (vascular bundle)

sporophytes

what have microphylls

yes

does lycopodiophyta have true roots and stems

topics and moist temperate areas

where are lycopodiophyta adundant at

ground pines

common name for lycopodium

forest floors

where do lycopodium often grow

whored or in tight spiral

leaf structure of lycopodium

simple or branched

stem shape of selangia

rhizomes

where do stems develop form lycopodium

a club moss

tropics

what type of moss is lycopodium cerium, and where is it native to

a club moss

northeastern North Americawhat

what type of moss is lycopodium obscurum and where is it native to

sporophylls

lycopodium reproduction:

what are fertile microhylls called

sporangia

lycopodium reproduction:

what do sporophylls contain

strobilus (strobili)

lycopodium reproduction:

what do aggregated sporophylls called when they form a cluster

spores

soil

lycopodium reproduction:

what does gametophytes develop from and where

antheridia and archegonia, making it bisexual

lycopodium reproduction:

wat does gametophytes produce, and what does this make them

lycopodiophyta

what phylum does selaginella belong to

spike mosses

common name for selaginella

selaginellacea family

what family does selaginella belong too

tropics

where are selaginella abundant in

ligule

what do leaves of selagnella have on upper surface

produce two different kinds of spores and gametophytes

what does heterospory mean

selaginella

what seedless vascular plant is heterospory

heterospory

what type of reproduction does selaginella have

microsporophylls

selaginella reproduction:

what do microsporophylls bear

microspores

selaginella reproduction:

what does microsporangia produce

male gametophytes

selaginella reproduction:

what are microspores

megasporangia

selaginella reproduction:

what do megasporophylls bear

4 megaspores

selaginella reproduction:

what does megasporangia produce

female gametophytes

selaginella reproduction:

what are megaspores

lycopodiophyta

what phylum does isoetes belong to

quillworts

what is the common name of isoetes

60

how many species belong to isoetaceae family

areas partially submerged in water, and least part of year

where are isoetes (quillworts) found

microphylls

what is arranged in tight spiral on stubby stem in isoetes

ligules

what is located towards leaf base of isoetes

corms

what specialized stem does isoetes have

pteridophyta

what phylum do ferns belong to

11,000

how many Ferm species are there

1cm-25m tall

fern size range

megaphylls

what are fern leaves

fronds

what are megaphylls (fern leaves) commonly referred to as

pinnae

what are the smaller segments that fern typically divides into called

fronds (megaphyll/fern leaves), a stem (rhizome), and adventitious roots

fern reproduction:

what do sporophytes of fern consist of

adventitious roots

fern reproduction:

what type of roots do fern have

a midrib (ranchis)

fern reproduction:

what are pinnae attached to

sporangia

fern reproduction:

what is found of lower surface of blades (pinnae)

sori (sorus)

fern reproduction:

what are clusters of sporangia called

indusium

fern reproduction:

what is a thin protective tissue of sporangia

the gametophytes

fern reproduction:

what is the prothallus, a green heart shaped one cell thick structure

antheridia and archegonia

fern reproduction:

what is located on the lower surface of prothalli (gametophyte)

within the archegonia

fern reproduction:

where does fertilization occur

whisk fern

common name for psilotum

pteridophyta

what phylum does psilotum (whisk fern) belong to

psilotum (whisk ferns)

loosely resemble small, green whisk brooms

dichotomously forking aerial stems

what do sporophytes of psilotum consist almost entirely of

nope

does psilotum have leaves or roots

short rhizomes

what do stems arise from in psilotum

enations

leaflike tissues, spirally arranged along stems in psilotum

psilotum

what plant has enations

sexual reproduction

what type of reproduction does the phylum pteridophyta have

fused together in threes

what is the sporangia arrangement in the phylum pteridophyta

the tip of stems

where are sporangia produced in phylum pteridophyta

spores in soil

what do gametophytes develop from in phylum pteridophyta

gametophytes

what structure is small, with no pigmentation, and absorbs nutrients via rhizoids in the phylum pteridophyta

rhizoids

where do gametophytes absorb nutrients from in the phylum pteridophyta

horsetails

common name for equisetum

pteridophyta

what phylum does equisetum (horsetails) belong to

25

how many species of equisetum have

equisetum

what plant have silica

silica

what deposits accumulate on the inner walls of the stems epidermal cells

whorls in regular intervals along the jointed segments

what is the branch structure of equisetum

pteridophyta

what phylum has tiny microphylls in whorls at the nodes

distinctly ribbed with obvious nodes/ internodes

stem structure of pteridophyta