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Governance
Broader than government; involves interaction among public, private, and civil society sectors.
Public Sector
The government as the main actor in governance, providing an enabling environment.
Civil Society
Organizations outside the government that contribute to governance, e.g., NGOs.
Decision-Making
The process of reaching a conclusion or agreement from various options.
Implementation
The act of putting a decision or plan into effect.
Actors
Individuals or groups that participate in decision-making and implementation processes.
Structures
Organizations or mechanisms that guide decision-making processes.
Good Governance
Governance characterized by participation, rule of law, transparency, and accountability.
Rule of Law
The principle that no one is above the law and all are accountable under it.
Effectiveness
The ability of governance systems to meet societal needs.
Efficiency
The optimal use of resources to achieve desired outcomes in governance.
Transparency
Open access to information regarding governance processes.
Responsiveness
The ability of governance structures to address citizens' needs in a timely manner.
Equity
Fair treatment and consideration of all members of society, especially the vulnerable.
Inclusiveness
Involving all stakeholders in decision-making, particularly marginalized groups.
Consensus-Oriented
Decision-making that considers the perspectives of all involved actors.
Accountability
Responsibility for one's actions, especially in public governance.
Decentralization
Distribution of governance power from central authorities to local or regional levels.
Participatory Governance
A governance model emphasizing active citizen involvement in decision processes.
Corruption
Dishonest or unethical conduct by those in power, undermining governance integrity.
Good Governance Indicators
Eight traits defining good governance: participatory, rule of law, effective, transparent, responsive, equitable, consensus-oriented, and accountable.