Cell Cycle

Biology - Period 2(Mr. Keller)

Interphase

The longest & metabolically active preparatory stage of the cell cycle. (90% of the Cell Cycle)

Mitosis

A fundamental process of cell division in eukaryotic cells that produces two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell.

G1 Phase (Gap 1)

The first, longest, and preparatory phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle, occurring immediately after mitosis and before DNA synthesis.

S Phase (Synthesis Phase)

The crucial period during interphase where a cell replicates its entire genome, doubling its DNA content.

G2 Phase (Gap 2)

The final, rapid growth stage of interphase in the cell cycle, occurring after DNA replication (S phase) and before mitosis.

Cell Division

A fundamental biological process essential for growth, tissue repair, reproduction, and the maintenance of multicellular organisms.

Chromosome Replication

The process of copying a cell's DNA during the S phase of the cell cycle to ensure accurate genetic inheritance, producing two identical sister chromatids attached at a centromere.

Chromosome Structure

The highly organized, thread-like package of DNA and histone proteins (chromatin) located in the cell nucleus, which condenses during cell division to ensure accurate DNA segregation.

Mitosis Steps

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, & Cytokinesis

Prophase

The first stage of cell division, before metaphase, during which the chromosomes become visible as paired chromatids and the nuclear envelope disappears. The first prophase of meiosis includes the reduction division.

Metaphase

The stage in cell division (mitosis or meiosis) where condensed chromosomes align along the cell's equator, known as the metaphase plate.

Anaphase

The stage of meiotic or mitotic cell division in which the chromosomes move away from one another to opposite poles of the spindle.

Telophase

The final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.

Cytokinesis

The cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.