Engel v. Vitale

What was the ruling of Engel v. Vitale (1962)?

It ruled that it is unconstitutional for public schools to sponsor or lead students in prayer, violating the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.

What was the background of Engel v. Vitale?

The case arose from a New York State law requiring public schools to begin each day with a short, non-denominational prayer.

Who challenged the prayer practice in Engel v. Vitale?

A group of parents, led by Steven Engel, challenged the practice arguing it violated the Establishment Clause.

What did the New York Board of Regents argue in defense of the prayer?

They argued that the prayer was voluntary, non-coercive, and did not promote a particular religion.

What principle did the Supreme Court reaffirm in Engel v. Vitale?

The principle of the separation of church and state.

What was the Court's stance on coercion in Engel v. Vitale?

The Court rejected the argument that coercion was required to violate the Establishment Clause.

What was Justice Stewart's dissenting opinion in Engel v. Vitale?

He argued that the prayer did not violate the Establishment Clause and was an expression of the country's religious heritage.

What impact did Engel v. Vitale have on public education?

It limited the ability of public schools to sponsor or endorse religious practices.

How did Engel v. Vitale affect the interpretation of the Establishment Clause?

It clarified that government actions should not promote or involve religious activities in public institutions.

What broader debate was sparked by Engel v. Vitale?

The ruling sparked debates about the role of religion in public life and the balance between free exercise of religion and government neutrality.