Anatomy II: Chapter 20 (Recent)

What is the fluid that is forced out of capillaries by hydrostatic pressure called?

Interstitial fluid

What is interstitial fluid called once picked up by lymphatic vessels?

Lymph

What are the two main divisions of the lymphatic system?

Lymphatics and lymphoid organs/tissues

Which is not a function of the lymphatic system?

Producing red blood cells

What ensures the one-way flow of lymph?

Valves in the lymphatic vessels

How do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries?

They are highly permeable with "minivalves".

What specialized lymphatic capillaries in the small intestine absorb dietary fats?

Lacteals

What parts of the body does the right lymphatic duct drain?

Right upper arm, right side of head, and right thorax

Where does the thoracic duct originate from?

Cisterna chyli

Where is lymph emptied into venous circulation?

At the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins.

Who are considered the main warriors of the immune system?

Lymphocytes

What are T cells primarily responsible for?

Directly attacking and destroying foreign cells.

How do B cells function?

They produce plasma cells that secrete antibodies.

What do macrophages do?

Phagocytize foreign substances.

Who are the main antigen-presenting cells that take antigens back to lymph nodes?

Dendritic cells.

What are the principal lymphoid organs in the body?

The spleen and thymus.

What is the largest lymphoid organ in the body?

Spleen.

What is one of the main functions of the spleen?

Filtering the blood and recycling red blood cells.

What is the primary responsibility of the thymus?

Maturing T cells.

When is the thymus most active?

During childhood.

What does MALT include?

Peyer’s patches, Appendix, Tonsils

What are the tonsils responsible for?

Trapping pathogens entering through the pharynx.

Which tonsils are called adenoids when enlarged?

Pharyngeal

Where are Peyer’s patches found?

The small intestine.

What is the function of the appendix?

Trapping bacteria and generating memory lymphocytes.

What does lymphangitis refer to?

Inflammation of lymphatic vessels.

What causes lymphedema?

Blockage in the lymphatic system.

Buboes were historically linked to which disease?

The bubonic plague.

What does a splenectomy refer to?

Surgical removal of the spleen.

Can a person live without a spleen?

Yes, but they may be more susceptible to infections.