Science Chapter 2

Cell Membrane

Protective outer covering of all cells that regulates the interaction between the cell and the enviroment.

Cytoplasm

Constantly moving gel-like mixture inside the cell membrane that contains heredity material and is the location of most of a cell’s life processes.

Cell Wall

Rigid structure that encloses, supports, and protects the cells of plants, algae, fungie, and most bacteria.

Organelle

Structure in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that can act as a storage site, process energy, move materials, or manufacture materials.

Nucleus

Organelle that controls all of the activities of a cell and contains hereditary material made of proteins and DNA; positively charged, central part of an atom.

Chloroplast

Green, chlorophyll-containing, plant cell organelle that uses light energy to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water.

Mitochondrion

Cell organelle that breaks down food and releases energy.

Ribsome

Small cytoplasmic structure on which cells make their own proteins.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cytoplasm organelle that moves material around in a cell and is made up of a complex series of folded membranes; can be rough or smooth.

Golgi Body

Organelles that package cellular materials and transport them within the cell or out of the cell.

Organ

Structure, such as the heart, made of of different types of tissues that all work together.

Tissue

Group of similar cell that work together to do one job.

Cell Theory

States that all organisms are made up of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from other cells.

Virus

A strand of hereditary material surrounded by a protein covering.

Host Cell

Living cell in which a virus can actively multiply or in which a virus can hide until activated by environmental stimuli.

Photosynthesis

Process by which most plants, most protists, and many types of bacteria make their own food.

Magnify

To increase the size of something

Disease

A condition that results from the disruption in function of one or more of an organism’s normal proceses.

Lysosomes

Contains digestive chemicals that helps break down food molecules, cell water, and worn-out cell parts.

Vacuole

A membrane-bound space for temporary storange of materials. It can store waste, water, food, or other cellular materials.