Sign and Magnitude

Sign and Magnitude

Method to represent negative numbers in binary.

Two's Complement

Alternative method to represent negative binary numbers.

Binary Addition

Process of adding binary values using logic circuits.

Overflow Error

Occurs when addition exceeds bit capacity.

Logic Gates

Electronic components performing binary operations.

Arithmetic Operators

Operators for addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc.

Comparison Operators

Operators for comparing binary values.

Carry Bit

Bit carried over in binary addition.

Fixed Point Binary

Represents fractions using a fixed number of bits.

Binary Values

Values expressed in base-2 numeral system.

Most Significant Bit (MSB)

First bit indicating sign in binary representation.

Binary Representation

Encoding numbers using binary digits (0s and 1s).

Denary

Decimal number system, base-10.

Bit Capacity

Maximum number of bits a computer can handle.

Range of Values

Determined by number of bits in binary.

Negative Representation

Methods to express negative integers in binary.

Binary Addition Rules

Rules governing addition of binary digits.

Binary Fraction

Fraction represented in binary format.

Bit

Basic unit of information in computing, 0 or 1.

Byte

Group of 8 bits used for data storage.

Exponentiation

Mathematical operation of raising a number to a power.

DIV Operator

Integer division operator in binary arithmetic.

MOD Operator

Remainder operator in binary arithmetic.

Two's Complement

Method to represent negative binary values.

Byte

Storage unit consisting of 8 bits.

Maximum Value (1 Byte)

Largest number is 255 in one byte.

Integer Storage

Commonly uses 2 or 4 bytes.

Floating-Point Representation

Used to represent fractions in computing.

Negative Number Representation

Achieved using two's complement method.

Sign and Magnitude

Method representing both sign and magnitude.

MSB (Most Significant Bit)

Indicates sign in two's complement representation.

Binary Arithmetic

Mathematical operations performed on binary numbers.

Flipping Bits

Changing 0s to 1s and vice versa.

Adding One

Final step in calculating two's complement.

Denary to Binary

Converting decimal numbers to binary format.

Binary to Denary

Converting binary numbers back to decimal.

Negative Denary Conversion

Process to convert negative decimal to binary.

Example of -3

Binary representation is 11111101.

Example of -96

Binary representation is 10100000.

Example of -5

Binary representation is 11111011.

Example of -10

Binary representation is 11110110.

Example of -20

Binary representation is 11101100.

Bit Flipping Rule

Change digits until the first '1' is reached.

Signed Binary Representation

Method to represent both positive and negative numbers.

Binary Addition Rule

In binary, 1 + 1 = 0 with carry.

Two's Complement

Method for representing negative binary numbers.

Binary Subtraction

Using addition of two's complement for subtraction.

Overflow

Result exceeds maximum representable value in bits.

Fixed-Point Binary

Binary representation with a fixed binary point location.

Fractional Values

Negative powers of 2 representing decimal fractions.

ASCII

Character encoding standard for text representation.

Unicode

16-bit character encoding for global language support.

Binary Fractions

Bits right of binary point represent fractional values.

Decimal Equivalent

Value conversion from binary to decimal format.

Character Set Size

Determines number of characters a system can use.

ATM Character Set

Limited character set for cash machine interfaces.

Binary Point

Fixed position in fixed-point binary representation.

Negative Powers of 2

Values like 2^-1, 2^-2 represent fractions.

8-Bit Representation

Uses 8 bits to represent values, max 255.

Character Value

Unique numeric value assigned to each character.

Localisation of Software

Adapting software for different cultural interfaces.

Two's Complement Calculation

Example: 6510 + -4310 equals 2210.

Binary Addition

Combining binary numbers to produce a sum.

Bit Allocation

Number of bits assigned for data representation.

Standard Binary Addition

Regular addition method for binary numbers.

Document Handling

Using Unicode for multilingual document support.

Bit Representation

Binary format used to represent data values.

ASCII

American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

7-bit ASCII

Represents 128 characters using 7 bits.

8-bit ASCII

Extends 7-bit ASCII with 128 additional characters.

ASCII value of '5'

Binary 0110101, decimal 53.

ASCII value of '8'

Binary 0111000, decimal 56.

Character encoding scheme

Method to represent characters in computers.

EOL command

Indicates end of line in text.

CR

Carriage return, moves cursor to start.

Fixed point binary

Represents binary fractions in a fixed format.

ASCII for 'Z'

Decimal 90, binary 01011010.

ASCII for 'X'

Decimal 88, binary 01011000.

ASCII for 'D'

Binary 1000100, decimal 68.

ASCII for 'G'

Binary 1000111, decimal 71.

ASCII for 's'

Binary 1110011, decimal 115.

ASCII for 'm'

Binary 1101101, decimal 109.

Benefit of ASCII

Uses 8 bits per character, saving memory.

Benefit of Unicode

Supports a wider range of characters.

Total characters in 7-bit ASCII

2^7 = 128 different characters.

Unicode

Character encoding supporting multiple languages.

ASCII for 'Ç'

Binary representation for extended ASCII character.

ASCII for 'Ð'

Binary representation for extended ASCII character.

ASCII for 'Ö'

Binary representation for extended ASCII character.

ASCII for 'ŵ'

Binary representation for extended ASCII character.

ASCII for 'φ'

Binary representation for extended ASCII character.

ASCII for 'έ'

Binary representation for extended ASCII character.