paper 2

What is a variable?

a location in memory where an item of data is stored.

What is a constant?

a fixed value/variable which never changes + always written in uppercase

What is “MOD” used for?

used to find remainder when dividing one interger by another

What is “DIV” used for?

used for integer division only

What is used when you need to calculate operations with priority?

BODMAS

What is “concatenating”?

means joining together

What is “sequencing”?

Sequencing means "the order in which programmes are written". 

What is “len” used for in string manipulation?

used to calculate the length

What is “pos” used for in string manipulation?

used to find position of a character as it outputs the result of the position of character in string

What is “substring” used for in string manipulation?

used to extract a part of a string by typing beginning and ending position.

What is “ord” used for?

used to turn a string into a binary number, as it looks where it's in the ASCII table and brings back the binary equivalent of this character 

What is “selection”?

Selection is a programming construct that allows a program to run sequences of code depending on whether a condition evaluates to True or False.

includes if statement

What should you do if you use an “elif” or “else if”

needs to be ended with an “else” and afterwards an “endif”

What is a nested selection?

Nested selection is an if statement inside an if statement

What is a nested selection statement used for?

used for when there are more than 2 conditions

NOT (1) =

0

1 AND (NOT 1) =

0

1 OR ( 1 AND (NOT 0)) =

1

1 AND ((NOT 1) OR 1)=

1

What is a bit?

A single 1 or 0

What is a byte?

8 bits

How many bytes are in a kilobyte?

1024

How many kilobytes in a megabyte?

1024

Finish the sequence bytes, kilobytes......

Megabyte, gigabyte, terabyte, petabyte,

What numbers are used in binary?

1 and 0

What measurement comes after terabyte?

Petabyte

What type of data is held in a string?

Text or characters

What is an integer?

Whole numbers

What is a pixel?

The smallest element of an image - dots that make up an image on a screen

How many bits does ASCII use?

7/8 bits (either is right)

How many bits does Unicode use?

16/32 bits (either is right)

State a difference between ASCII and unicode

ascii uses 7 bits, unicode 16 bits. Asci can represent 127 characters, unicode can represent many more

What do we call the list of characters a computer can represent

Character set

Give an example of metadata stored with an image

Height, Width, Resolution, Colour depth, date it was produced

What do we call the smallest part of an image

A pixel

What is the correlation between colour depth, bits per pixel and file size?

The more colours we use, the more bits we need for each pixel, the larger the file size.

What do we call the process of turning analogue sound into digital?

Sampling

What is the connection between sample rate, quality of sound and file size?

The higher the sample rate, the better quality of file, the larger the file size

What two parts is an instruction split into?

The operator (instruction part) and the operand (the data part)

What type of language is Visual Basic?

A high level language

What language do machines understand?

Binary/Machine language

State two features of an IDE

Source code editor/error diagnostics and debugger/run-time environment/translator

A sequence is when...

Instructions are executed one after the other

0 AND 0

0

1 AND 0

0

1 OR 1

1

1 OR 0

1

0 OR 1

1

0 OR 0

0

0 XOR 1

1

1 XOR 1

0

1 XOR 0

1

0 XOR 0

0

1 NOT

0

0 NOT

1

1 NAND 1

0

1 NAND 0

1

0 NAND 1

1

0 NOR 1

0

1 NOR 1

0

0 NOR 0

1

1 AND (1 OR 0)

1

1 OR (1 AND 0)

1

0 OR (1 AND 0)

0

Convert the eight bit binary number: 10101100 into denary

172

Convert the eight bit binary number: 00110011 into denary

51

Convert the eight bit binary number: 00001111 into denary

15

Convert the eight bit binary number: 00110000 into denary

48

Convert the eight bit binary number: 10111001 into denary

185

Convert this denary number into 8 bit binary: 17

00010001

Convert this denary number into 8 bit binary: 25

00011001

Convert this denary number into 8 bit binary: 100

01100100

Convert this denary number into 8 bit binary: 67

01000011

Convert this denary number into 8 bit binary: 115

01110011

Convert this hex number to 8 bit binary: 15

00010101

Convert this hex number to 8 bit binary: 29

00101001

Convert this hex number to 8 bit binary: 38

00111000

Convert this hex number to 8 bit binary: AF

10101111

Convert this hex number to 8 bit binary: B5

10110101

What is contained in the meta data of an image?

The files size, author, date & time, resolution, colour depth

What number is this in denary? 0101

9

What number is this in denary? 1111

15

What number is this in denary? 0001

1

What number is this in denary? 0111

7

What number is this in denary? 1010

10

What number is this in 4 bit binary? 7

0111

What number is this in 4 bit binary? 13

1101

What number is this in 4 bit binary? 10

1010

What number is this in 4 bit binary? 2

0010

Convert this hex number to denary: C

12