Russia - Chapter 4 - Russification and antisemitism

How many different ethic groups were there in russia?

over 100

How much of the population did the slavs in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus make up?

2/3

Who lived in the Baltic area?

Lutheran Germans

How big was the Muslim population by 1900?

10 million

National Ideology

a belief in the strength of ones own country, language and traditions.

When was the polish rebellion?

1830

What was set up in the 1840s in Finland?

A Finnish language pressure group

What group was established in Ukraine?

the Brotherhood of Saints Cyril and Methodius

What did the secret brotherhood in Ukraine want to do?

Separate Ukrainian Slavs from Russians

When did another Polish Rebellion break out?

1863

Who was sent to deal with the Polish Rebellion in 1863?

Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich, Alex 2 brother

How many Poles joined in the underground National Government for Poland?

200,000

What type of warfare was used in the Polish Rebellion?

guerrila warfare

What concessions did Alex 2 make?

1864 and 1875 allowed Latvians and Estonians to revert to Lutheranism and allowed Finland to have their own diet, parliament.

Concession

granting a request in response to a demand

When was Ukrainian prohibited in publications and performances?

1876

Who was the most significant of Alex 3’s ministers in Russification?

Pobedonostev

What happened in Finland in terms of Russification?

The diet was reorganised in 1892 to limit its power, the use of Russian was demanded, the independent postal service disbanded and the Russian coinage replaced local currency.

When was the Polish National Bank closed?

1885

What happened to Baltic Germans between 1885-89?

Measures to enforce the use of Russian in all state offices, primary and secondary schools and police and jury systems.

How was the German University of Dorpar ‘Russified’ ?

It was renamed the Iurev University , 1889-1893

How was the Ukraine russified?

further laws limiting Ukrainian in 1883 and in 1884 all theatres in the 5 provinces were closed

How many Lutherans converted to orthodoxy to get special support measures?

37,000

What society sought to convert ‘heathens and Muslims’ to Orthodoxy?

All-Russian Orthodox Missionary society

How were Muslims convereted?

Forced bass baptisms

When was the building of new non-orthodox places of worship banned?

1883

How many mass disturbances were there in June 1888?

332 cases, including 43 in 9 central provinces

Who increased their resentment of the empire due to russification?

more educated and wealthy Finns, Poles and Baltic Germans, some persuaded others to emigrate or join opposition groups