paper 1 democracy and participation examples

Average turnout between 1945 and 1997

76%

Turnout 2024 general election

59.8%

Turnout Scottish parliament 2021

63.5%

Turnout in Senedd election 2021

46.6%

2024 labour seats and SOV

412 seats, 33.7% SOV

Turnout 2014 Scottish independence referendum

84.6%

Turnout 2016 EU referendum

72.2%

AV referendum 2011 Turnout

42.2%

% of electorate that belongs to a political party

1.6%

Conservative membership mid 90s —> now

400,000 —> 100,000 members

Labour membership mid 90s —> now

400,000 —> 309,000

You gov survey 2024 + 2019

49% of respondents say They “almost never” trust British gov to place needs of nation above their own, 2019 this was only 26%

February 2025 reform membership

Firage claimed to have surpassed 200,000 and doubled membership of conservatives

Lib Dem’s 2024 seats and SOV

12.2% SOV, 72 seats

Reform 2024 SOV, seats, SOS, number of votes

14.3% SOV, 5 seats, over 4 million votes, 0.8% SOS

SNP 2024 SOV, seats and votes

2.5% SOV, 9 seats, 720,000 votes

Protests examples

BREXIT, BLM, Gaza

2024 protests in London

Called for immediate ceasefire in gaza pressured lab and cons to weaken support for Israel’s war - david Cameron calling for de-escalation

E-petitions debated in HOC 2019 - 2024

202

How many signatures for revoke article 50 petition

6 million

Who announced x in 2024 + what did it cause

Rachel Reeves, winter fuel payment for pensioners would be on a needs basis, e-petition with over 500,000 signatures

What can be classified as slactivism

E-petitions, engagement outside Westminster, PGs, demonstrations

Assisted dying legislation

Debated due to e-potion with over 200,000 signatures but no legislative change

% of petitions that received enough signatures - over 100,000

Less than 1%, of which only a fraction cause tangible change

What did the Gallagher index say

2024 GE was the least proportional election since UK began

Terry Jermy

2024 SW Norfolk MP - elected with just 26.7% of vote which was 15.7% of constituency population

2024 vs 2019 labour

2024 - 412 seats, 63% SOS, 33.7% SOV 2019 - 202 seats, 32.1% SOV, 31% SOS

MakeVotesMatter reform stats under AMS and STV

AMS - 91 seats, ATV - 71 seats

MP time given to consistency matters per week - according to who

40% time, 300 - 500 emails from constituents per week - HOC study

2023 infected blood scandal

22 conservatives rebelled against 3 line whip and supported labour legislation aimed at speeding up compensation for the scandal

2010 BNP - extremist party

2% national vote but didn’t place above 3rd in any constituency

MakeVotesMatter - tactical voting

2024 1/5 of voters intended to vote tactically, 58% voters ended up with an MP they didn’t vote for

When did starmer get to Downing Street

12:40 day after election

Belgium 2010 federal election

541 days to form a gov, use a PR list system with preferential voting

Donkey voting example

2019 NI local elections - STV - two candidates from same party the candidates surname that placed 1st alphabetically was elected 85% of the time

Hung parliaments

2010 Lib Dem and cons coalition, 2017 confidence and supply DUP and conservative

Why is coalition gov important in NI

Religious and political divide - to keep the peace

Example of strong gov being effective

1997 Blair reforms - Blair only defeated 4 time in HOC

Scottish independence referendum turnout and inclusion of who

84% - 16 yr olds

Brexit ref turnout

72.2%

2016 EU ref - what did the leave campaign lie about

We send the EU £350 million a week, lets fund the NHS instead

What did reform MP Rupert Lowe do

Held a mini referendum in his constituency - 75% votes yes so he voted in favour of the terminally ill adults bill

Where does a vote count more

In a smaller constituency and marginal seats

What do safe seats usually experience

Depressed turnout and little campaign focus

Very important marginal seat And why

Thanet south Kent - won by winning party at every GE in British history

Taking turnout into account how much of the population actually voted to leave the EU

Less than half

Freebie gate

Starmer receiving clothes and eye ware for lord Alli

Who said MPs should be trustees

Burke

Example of MPs following Burkean model of trustee

2019 GE - two MPs defected from conservatives to labour due to concerns about the conservatives party direction

Who has strong stances on law and order and antisocial behaviour

Labour and conservatives