Chemistry

lone pairs

a pair of valence electrons that do not participate in bonding (the dots on Lewis structures)

bonding pairs

the lines between two atoms which bond them together (can also be a sigma bond)

Hybridization

can be determined by adding sigma bonds and lone pairs. After p gets to a coefficient of 3 you go to the d orbitals and add on from there. These are counted on the central atom

if the shape of a molecule is symmetrical

the molecule is non polar

if the shape of the molecule is asymmetrical, then the molecule is

polar

electronic geometry

is determined by the bonding pairs and the lone pairs of the central atom

molecular geometry

determined by both bonds and lone pairs just separately instead of added together.