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acclimatization
adaptation to environment over a period of time
ad-libitum
as desired by the animal; self-fed
aquaculture
raising/production of fishes/marine products in selected or controlled environments.
biosecurity
planned system/measure to prevent entry and spread of diseases in the flock/herd.
broodiness
tendency of hen to nest; incubating behavior.
brooding
raising and caring for chicks in a protective environment (usually for the first 5-6 weeks).
cannibalism
tendency or vice of animals in herd/flock to bite/peck others causing injuries.
carcass
animal body less viscera,head, skin and lower legs after slaughter.
castration
removal of the testicles of male animals.
comfort zone (thermoneutral zone)
- range of temperatures at which animal performance is maximized.
conformation
structure/shape (or a cut) of animal carcass.
coprophagy
eating or consumption of feces
creep feed
feed provided to young animals within an enclosure that excludes larger animals.
cud
a bolus of previously eaten food which has been regurgitated for further chewing.
deglutition
swallowing.
erucation
a belching/burping;expulsion of accumulated gastric gases.
ethology
scientific study of animal behavior in natural or typical environment.
fattening
deposition of unused energy in the form of fat within body tissues.
finishing
to fatten a slaughter animal; also the degree of fatness of such animal.
flushing
practice of feeding higher amount of nutrients prior to and during breeding for ovulation.
gamebirds
refers to wild birds (eg. Pheasants) for hunting.
gamefowls
type of chicken of both sexes especially bred to produce fighting cocks.
homeostasis
maintenance of physiological stability even though environment may change.
homeotherm (warm-blooded animal)
animal that utilizes or dissipates energy to maintain body temperature ( 370C).
husbandry
refers to raising, production and proper care of livestock and poultry animals.
lard
pig fat produced from rendering process.
litter
a) bedding/flooring materials such as sawdust, rice hulls, wood shavings; b) a group of piglets/puppies born of a sow/bitch at the same parturition
marbling
the interspersion of fat particles in lean meat.
mastication
chewing
microflora
gross overall population of microorganisms (bacteria,protozoans, yeast, etc.)
mohair
animal fiber used for upholstery or clothing; of greater length and less crimp than wool.
palatability
property of being pleasing to taste.
pecking order
social order; the tendency of animals to behavior in order of social dominance.
photoperiod
the length of daylight or artificial light provided.
poikilotherm (cold-blooded animal)
animal with little or no ability to maintain an even body temperature, so temperature is influenced largely by the immediate environment.
regurgitation
act of voluntary vomiting of swallowed food.
roughage
feed low in digestible energy and high in fiber.
silage
succulent feed produced from anaerobic storage and fermentation of forages.
silo
a semi-airtight to airtight structure for use in the production and storage of silage.
soundness
health or physical integrity of an animal or some of its parts.
spay
to remove the ovaries or sever the oviducts leading to the uterus; neutering in females.
tallow
refers to the fat of cattle, buffalo or sheep.
zootechnics
subjects related to the science of livestock and poultry production/management,nutrition, breeding/genetics, with emphasis on the quality of production, animal health, safety (public health and animal welfare, usually taken as courses in veterinary medicine.
