Gene Mutation

Mutation

A change in a gene or chromosome

Mutant

An organism in which a mutation is expressed

The most common type of mutation

gene mutation

Gene mutation

an alteration of one or more nucleotides in the DNA molecule, and it only affects one gene

Three types of gene mutations

1. Substitution

2. Deletion

3. Addition

Substitution definition, impact, example

one or more “correct” nucleotides are substituted with the incorrect ones.

No effect if “mutated mRNA” codes for same amino acids, but if different than impacts vary.

Sickle-cell anemia; blood cells have a sickle shape

additions and deletions definition and impacts

a nucleotide is added/removed from normal nucleotide sequence. Results in profound changes, and protein structure doesn’t form properly, hence doesn’t function.

Mutations cause …

changes in protein synthesis, hence why it is usually lethal.

But sometimes mutations … and rarely … and … .Thus mutations are …

have no affect; are beneficial, and increases mutant chance of survival; essential for evolutionary change.

Mutations arise …

naturally (rare errors in DNA replication), no known reason, by environmental factors.

Mutagens

Factors that cause mutations

Two categories of environmental mutagens

1. High energy radiation

2. Mutagenic chemicals

Good sources of anti-oxidants

Green tea, turmeric powder, berries, garlic, and dark chocolate

5 foods that is switch to organic; reduces chances of colon cancer by 90%

strawberry, blueberry, spinach, apples and peaches