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anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by dramatic and sever self-induced weight loss
binge drinking
consuming five or more drinks in a row on one occasion, an indicator of alcohol abuse
binge eating disorder
an eating disorder characterized by a pattern of binge eating that in not accompanied by drastic attempts to lose weight
bulimia
an eating disorder characterized by a pattern of binge eating and extreme weight loss measures, including self-induced vomiting
adolescence-limited offenders
antisocial adolescents whose delinquent or violent behavior begins and ends during adolescence
age-crime curve
the relationship between chronological age and offending, showing that the prevalence of offending peaks in late adolescence
anhedonic
having difficulty experiencing positive emotions, a risk factor for depression
antisocial personality disorder
a disorder of adulthood characterized by antisocial behavior and persistent disregard for the rules of society and the rights of others
callous-unemotional traits (CU)
a cluster of traits characteristic of psychopathic individuals, which includes a lack of empathy and indifference towards the feelings of others
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
a type of psychotherapy, commonly used to treat depression and anxiety, in which the focus in on changing maladaptive and habitual patterns of thinking and acting
comorbid
co-occurring, as when an individual has more than one problem at the same time
conduct disorder
a repetitive and persistent pattern of antisocial behavior that results in problems at school or work or in relationships with others
depression
a psychological disturbance characterized by low self-esteem, decreased motivation, sadness, and difficulty in finding pleasure in formerly pleasurable activities
diathesis-stress model of depression
a perspective on depression that posits that problems are the result of an interaction between a preexisting condition (the diathesis) and exposure to a stressful event or condition (the stress)
externalizing disorders
psychosocial problems are manifested in a turning of the symptoms outward, as in aggression or delinquency
hostile attributional bias
the tendency to interpret ambiguous interactions with others as deliberately hostile
internalizing disorders
psychosocial problems are manifested in a turning of the symptoms inward, as in depression, anxiety, or disordered eating
interpersonal therapy (IPT)
a type of psychotherapy, commonly used to treat depression and anxiety, in which the focus in on changing dysfunctional patterns of interacting with others
life-course-persistent offenders
individuals who begin demonstrating antisocial or aggressive behavior during childhood and continue their antisocial behavior throughout adolescence and into adulthood
multisystemic family therapy
an intervention designed to reduce antisocial behavior that has been proven to be effective
negative emotionality
the presumed underlying cause of internalizing disorders, characterized by high levels of subjective distress
nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI)
deliberate attempts to hurt oneself in nonlethal ways, including cutting or burning one's skin
-nearly 1/5 of adolescents have engaged in NSSI
-associated with depression, hopelessness, problematic family relationships
-reasons include reducing feelings of tension, anger, anxiety, or depression, or to prompt feelings when none exist
oppositional-defiant disorder
a disorder of childhood and adolescence characterized by excessive anger, spite, and stubbornness
-less serious than conduct disorder
-behavior isn't necessarily aggressive
oxytocin
a hormone known to influence emotional bonding to others, higher in females causing them to be more sensitive to relationships
primary control strategies
coping strategies in which an individual attempts to change the stressor
resilience
the ability of an individual to continue to function competently in the face of adversity or stress
secondary control strategies
coping strategies that involve attempts by the individual to adapt to the stressor
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
a class of antidepressant medications that has proven to be effective with adolescents experiencing internalizing problems, such as depression
substance abuse
the misuse of alcohol or other drugs to a degree that causes problems in the individual's life
social control theory
a theory of delinquency that links deviance with the absence of bonds to society's main institutions
suicidal ideation
thinking about ending one's life
-more than 80% of teenagers who have thought about suicide have gone so far as to make a plan
suicide contagion
the process through which learning about another's suicide can lead people to try to take their own lives
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