PSY 234 - CH 13 Vocab

anorexia nervosa

an eating disorder characterized by dramatic and sever self-induced weight loss

binge drinking

consuming five or more drinks in a row on one occasion, an indicator of alcohol abuse

binge eating disorder

an eating disorder characterized by a pattern of binge eating that in not accompanied by drastic attempts to lose weight

bulimia

an eating disorder characterized by a pattern of binge eating and extreme weight loss measures, including self-induced vomiting

adolescence-limited offenders

antisocial adolescents whose delinquent or violent behavior begins and ends during adolescence

age-crime curve

the relationship between chronological age and offending, showing that the prevalence of offending peaks in late adolescence

anhedonic

having difficulty experiencing positive emotions, a risk factor for depression

antisocial personality disorder

a disorder of adulthood characterized by antisocial behavior and persistent disregard for the rules of society and the rights of others

callous-unemotional traits (CU)

a cluster of traits characteristic of psychopathic individuals, which includes a lack of empathy and indifference towards the feelings of others

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

a type of psychotherapy, commonly used to treat depression and anxiety, in which the focus in on changing maladaptive and habitual patterns of thinking and acting

comorbid

co-occurring, as when an individual has more than one problem at the same time

conduct disorder

a repetitive and persistent pattern of antisocial behavior that results in problems at school or work or in relationships with others

depression

a psychological disturbance characterized by low self-esteem, decreased motivation, sadness, and difficulty in finding pleasure in formerly pleasurable activities

diathesis-stress model of depression

a perspective on depression that posits that problems are the result of an interaction between a preexisting condition (the diathesis) and exposure to a stressful event or condition (the stress)

externalizing disorders

psychosocial problems are manifested in a turning of the symptoms outward, as in aggression or delinquency

hostile attributional bias

the tendency to interpret ambiguous interactions with others as deliberately hostile

internalizing disorders

psychosocial problems are manifested in a turning of the symptoms inward, as in depression, anxiety, or disordered eating

interpersonal therapy (IPT)

a type of psychotherapy, commonly used to treat depression and anxiety, in which the focus in on changing dysfunctional patterns of interacting with others

life-course-persistent offenders

individuals who begin demonstrating antisocial or aggressive behavior during childhood and continue their antisocial behavior throughout adolescence and into adulthood

multisystemic family therapy

an intervention designed to reduce antisocial behavior that has been proven to be effective

negative emotionality

the presumed underlying cause of internalizing disorders, characterized by high levels of subjective distress

nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI)

deliberate attempts to hurt oneself in nonlethal ways, including cutting or burning one's skin

-nearly 1/5 of adolescents have engaged in NSSI

-associated with depression, hopelessness, problematic family relationships

-reasons include reducing feelings of tension, anger, anxiety, or depression, or to prompt feelings when none exist

oppositional-defiant disorder

a disorder of childhood and adolescence characterized by excessive anger, spite, and stubbornness

-less serious than conduct disorder

-behavior isn't necessarily aggressive

oxytocin

a hormone known to influence emotional bonding to others, higher in females causing them to be more sensitive to relationships

primary control strategies

coping strategies in which an individual attempts to change the stressor

resilience

the ability of an individual to continue to function competently in the face of adversity or stress

secondary control strategies

coping strategies that involve attempts by the individual to adapt to the stressor

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

a class of antidepressant medications that has proven to be effective with adolescents experiencing internalizing problems, such as depression

substance abuse

the misuse of alcohol or other drugs to a degree that causes problems in the individual's life

social control theory

a theory of delinquency that links deviance with the absence of bonds to society's main institutions

suicidal ideation

thinking about ending one's life

-more than 80% of teenagers who have thought about suicide have gone so far as to make a plan

suicide contagion

the process through which learning about another's suicide can lead people to try to take their own lives