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What is thermoregulation in newborn reindeer calves?
The ability of newborn reindeer calves to regulate their own body temperature.
What factors affect the resting metabolic rate of adult reindeer?
It varies as a function of air temperature, especially in winter and summer.
How thick is the fur of adult reindeer in winter?
3.6 cm.
What are the major components of a winter reindeer's diet according to DNA bar coding?
Fungi, herbs, grasses, trees, mosses, lichens on trees, and terrestrial lichens.
What changes occur in the protein and mineral content of foods eaten by Finnish reindeer seasonally?
Lichens are low in protein and minerals, while alterations in calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium occur throughout the year.
How does the microbial community in reindeer's rumen change from summer to winter?
The winter microbial community is more capable of fermenting plant fiber but less able to hydrolyze proteins.
What is the lipid content of reindeer milk?
Reindeer milk contains 20% lipid.
What does brown fat do in newborn and growing reindeer?
It aids in nonshivering thermogenesis, helping newborns maintain body temperature.
What is the role of brown fat in thermogenesis?
Brown fat is multilocular, vascularized, and contains UCP1 which is responsible for thermogenesis.
Why do larger mammals not hibernate according to the lecture?
The energy savings from hibernation decreases as body size increases.
What is one reason periodic arousals are required during hibernation?
To restore dendrites and synapses, upregulate the immune system, or void wastes.
What is the important behavioral adaptation for large mammals in response to environmental conditions?
Migration is the most energetically feasible option.
What happens to testicular development in ground squirrels during hibernation?
Males emerge from hibernation before females to facilitate testicular development.
What does the synchrony of arousal in hibernating alpine marmots signify?
It lowers the energy costs for each individual during hibernation.
What is the relationship between omega-6 fatty acids and heart function in the context of hibernation?
Omega-6 fatty acids support membrane lipid Ca2+ pumping proteins that function in pumping the heart.
What is the significance of low body temperatures during hibernation in chipmunks?
It allows the chipmunks to conserve energy and avoid arousal, which saves energy.
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