EXAM 4: Chapter 13 The Nervous System II: The Central Nervous System (CNS) Part 2単語カード | Quizlet

the limbic system

emotional brain

the limbic system

group of structures on medial aspect of each cerebral hemisphere and the diencephalon

Hippocampus and amygdaloid body

What structures of the limbic system are essential to memory consolidation?

fornix

tract of white matter that connects the hippocampus with the hypothalamus and other fiber tracks link the limbic system together

mammillary bodies

structures in the floor of the hypothalamus; concerned with feeding reflexes and behaviors

functions of limbic system

- emotional state & behavioral drives

- links the conscious, intellectual functions of the cerebral cortex with the unconscious and autonomic functions of other portions of the brain

- consolidation and retrieval of memories

Reticular fomation

group of neurons that run through the central core of the medulla, pons, and midbrain

controls AROUSAL of brain as a whole

reticular activating system (RAS)

branch of the RF that maintains consciousness and alertness

also functions in sleep - AROUSAL from sleep

- cover and protect CNS

- enclose and protect blood vessels supplying to CNS

- contain CSF

What are the functions of the meninges?

dura mater - arachnoid mater - pia mater

What are the layers of the meninges from external to internal?

dura mater

tough mother

2 layered sheet of fibrous connective tissue (periosteal layer & meningeal layer)

periosteal layer (outer) and meningeal layer (inner)

What are the 2 layers of the dura mater?

arachnoid mater

middle layer of meninges;

"spiderweb-like mother"

subdural space (cavity)

between the dura mater and the arachnpid mater; contains a film of CSF

subarachnoid space (cavity)

deep to arachnoid mater

web-like threads

- filled with CSF and blood vessels supplying to the brain

arachnoid villi

- granulations

act as valves that allow CSF to pass from subarachnoid space to dural sinuses

dura mater and arachnoid mater

two layers of the meninges that surround the brain LOOSELY

pia mater

"gentle mother"

delicate layer of CT, richly vascularized with blood vessels

CLINGS TIGHT to brain surface

Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)

- watery fluid located in and around the brain and spinal cord

- provides cushion

- nourishes brain

- removes wastes

- transmit neurotransmitters

in the Choroid Plexuses (mainly 3rd and 4th ventricles)

Where is most of the CSF made?

a barrier that keeps the brain away from the rest of the body

What is the blood-brain-barrier?

tight junctions

What kind of junctions are a special feature of the endothelium of brain's capillaries' walls?

so that nutrients (including oxygen) and ions required by neurons can pass through the barrier

Why is the BBB not an ABSOLUTE BARRIER?

lipid soluble molecules

What kind of molecules can pass through the BBB?

Foramen magnum and ends at L1-L2

Where does the spinal cord start and end?

spinal meninges

group of specialized membranes that provides physical stability and shock absorption for the neural tissues of spinal cord

spinal dural sheath

dura mater layer but does not attach to surrounding bone; corresponds to meningeal layer only

Functions of spinal cord

- involved in sensory and motor innervation of body below the head

- 2 way conduction pathway from body to brain

- major center for REFLEXES

31 pairs

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

8 pairs

How many Cervical spinal nerves are there?

12 pairs

How many Thoracic spinal nerves are there?

5 pairs

How many Lumbar spinal nerves are there?

5 pairs

How many Sacral spinal nerves are there?

1 pair

How many Coccygeal spinal nerves are there?

epineurium - perineurium - endoneurium

What are the 3 layers covering the spinal nerve? Outer to deepest

epineurium

a sheath of dense network of collagen fibers surrounding the entire nerve

perineurium

a sheath that partitions the nerve into fascicles and forms the NERVE BLOOD BARRIER

endoneurium

a sheath of delicate CT fibers that surround individual axons of fascicles

denticulate ligaments

made up of supporting fibers (lateral from spinal cord surface) that bind the spinal pia mater and arachnoid mater TO the dura mater

- functions in preventing the spinal cord from moving side to side or slide downward

conus medullaris

tapered end of spinal cord

filum terminale

end of ligament

strand of fibrous CT covered with pia mater

anchors the spinal cord in place

cauda equina

"horse's tail", a fan of nerve fibers below the spinal cord

posterior median sulcus and anterior median fissure

two deep grooves that run the length of the spinal cord and partly divide with into R and L halves

inside (cross section)

Where is the gray matter of the spinal cord?

gray matter of spinal cord

mixture of motor neuron cell bodies, short unmyelinated axons and dendrites of sensory neurons, association neurons and neurolgia

gray commissure

consists of axons of interneurons that cross from one side of the spinal cord to the other side

posterior gray horns

DORSAL (SENSORY!!!!)

What parts of the spinal cord contains SOMATIC and VISCERAL SENSORY?

anterior gray horns

VENTRAL (MOTOR!!!!!!)

What parts of the spinal cord contains SOMATIC MOTOR CONTROL?

lateral gray horns

What parts of the spinal cord contains VISCERAL MOTOR NEURONS?

ascending tracts

groups of fibers that relay SENSORY INFORMATION from the spinal cord to the brain

descending tracts

groups of fibers that relay MOTOR INFORMATION from the brain to the spinal cord