️ Unit 2: Molecular and lonic Compound Structure and Properties

Ionic Bonding

Involves the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal, resulting in the formation of ions.

Covalent Bonding

Involves the sharing of electron pairs between non-metal atoms.

Lattice Energy

The energy required to separate one mole of an ionic solid into its gaseous ions; it increases with higher charges and smaller ionic radii.

Bond Length

The distance at which the potential energy of two atoms is minimized; it varies for different bond types.

Sigma (σ) bond

The first bond formed between two atoms located along the internuclear axis.

Pi (π) bond

A bond formed from side-on overlap of p-orbitals, present in double and triple bonds.

Network Covalent Solid

A solid in which atoms are bonded by a network of covalent interactions, resulting in a giant molecule.

Resonance

A concept where multiple valid Lewis structures exist for a molecule, representing a hybrid of these structures.

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory

A theory used to predict the geometry of a molecule based on the repulsion between electron pairs.

Formal Charge

A calculation used to determine the charge of an atom in a molecule; it helps identify the most plausible Lewis structure.