ADP ATP AND POOPY

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ATP

Energy currency used by all organisms

ATP

Acts as a fuel for nearly all the metabolic reaction inside the cell

ATP

Organic molecule containing high-energy Phosphate bonds.

Supplies you with energy

What does ATP do to the body

By breaking the high- energy bonds between Last two phosphates in ATP

How do we get energy from ATP

Hydrolysis ( Adding H20)

is the process that breaks down ATP, releasing energy for cellular functions.

An Enzyme or ATPase “breaks down”

How does Hydrolysis happen?

ATP is remade through phosphorylation, where ADP combines with inorganic phosphate (Pi) using energy from cellular respiration or sunlight.

How is ATP Remade?

During a process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in Animals

When is ATP Made in the Body

Cellular Respiration

is the process by which the chemical energy of “food” molecules is released and partially captured in the form of ATP.

oxidized

Glucose is ____________

Reduced

O2 is __________________

Oxidation - reduction

a chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons, where one substance is oxidized and another is reduced. Example is Glucose Breakdown

36 to 38 ATP

Breakdown of one glucose results in ______________________ molecules

NAD ( Nicotine Adenine dinucleotide)

acts as the carrier of energy

NAD+

is a co enzyme it is reduced to NADH

Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle or Citric Acid Cycle
Electron Transport Chain

Stages of Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm
Krebs Cycle add ETC take place in the Mitochondria

Where does cellular Respiration take place?

Outer Membrane - Smooth Outside
Inner Membrane - Folded thingies
Cristae- Folds
Matrix- space inside Cristae

Parts of a Mitochondria

Takes place in the Cytoplasm
Anaerobic (doesn’t use or need Oxygen)
Required input of 2 ATP
Glucose split into two molecules of Pyruvate or Pyruvic Acid
Also produces 2 NADH and 4 ATP Pyruvate is oxidized to Acetyl CoA and CO2 is produced

Glycolysis diagram summary (MUST BE MEMORIZED) (7)

Hans Krebs (1937)
Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)
Cyclical series of oxidation reactions that give off CO2 and produce one ATP per cycle
Turns Twice per glucose molecule
Produces two ATP
Takes place in Matrix of mitochondira
Each turn of the Krebs Cycle also produces 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP and 2 CO2
Therefor, for each Glucose molecule, the krebs cycle produces 6 NADH, 2 FADH , 4 CO2, and 2 ATP

KREBS CYCLE SUMMARY (MUST BE MEMORIZED) ( 8)

34 ATP Produced
H2O Produced
Occurs Across inner Mitochondrial membrane
Uses coenzymes NAD+ and FAD+ to accept e- from glucose
NADH = 3 ATP,s
FADH2 = 2 ATP’s

ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN SUMMARY (MUST BE MEMORIZED) (6)

It has 1 Cycle and 4-2=2 ATPs

Glycolysis has _____ cycles and _____ ATPs

It has 2 Cycles and has 1×2 =2 ATPs

Krebs has ____ cycle and ____ Atps

It has 1 cycles and has 34=38 ATPs

ETC has _____ cycle and ________ ATP

1. 2 ATP’s molecules are used in the first phase of glycolysis to activate glucose

2. The 6 Carbon molecule is split to form 2 molecules of PGAL (glycerhyde - 3 -phosphate)

3. Oxidation and Phsphorylation of PGAL results in the formation of two NADH and two molecule of PGAP (1,3 - Biphosphoglycerate)

4. Phosphorylation remove a phosphate group group from each PGAL and prdoced two molecules of ATP and two molecules of PGA (3- phosphoglycerate)

5. Oxidation of each PGA molecule removes water and forms two molecules of PEP ( Phophoenolypyuvate)

6. Phosphorylation removes a phosphate group from each PEP molecule to form two molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of pyruvate.
   

Glucose cycle summary remember this or die